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This book compiles state-of-the-art information on the behavior, analysis, and design of concrete beams containing transverse openings. Discussions include the need, effects, and classification of openings as well as the general requirements for fulfilling design pure bending, combined bending, and shear - illustrated with numerical examples torsion alone or in combination with bending and shear large rectangular openings as well as opening size and location on beam behavior methods for analyzing ultimate strength and serviceability requirements effects of torsion in beams large openings in continuous beams and their effects on possible redistribution of internal forces as well as guidelines and procedures for the design of such beams effect of prestressing on the serviceability and strength of beams with web openings design against cracking at openings and ultimate loads Concrete Beams with Openings serves as an invaluable source of information for designers and practicing engineers, especially useful since little or no provision or guidelines are currently available in most building codes.
Emphasizing a conceptual understanding of concrete design and analysis, this revised and updated edition builds the student's understanding by presenting design methods in an easy to understand manner supported with the use of numerous examples and problems.
A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Reinforced Concrete Structures explains the underlying principles of reinforced concrete design and covers the analysis, design, and detailing requirements in the 2008 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary and the 2009 International Code Council (ICC) International Building Code (IBC). This authoritative resource discusses reinforced concrete members and provides techniques for sizing the cross section, calculating the required amount of reinforcement, and detailing the reinforcement. Design procedures and flowcharts guide you through code requirements, and worked-out examples demonstrate the proper application of the design provisions. COVERAGE INCLUDES: Mechanics of reinforced concrete Material properties of concrete and reinforcing steel Considerations for analysis and design of reinforced concrete structures Requirements for strength and serviceability Principles of the strength design method Design and detailing requirements for beams, one-way slabs, two-way slabs, columns, walls, and foundations
17 2 STRESS FIELDS FOR SIMPLE STRUCTURES 2. 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter the behavior and strength of simple structures made of rein forced or prestressed concrete is investigated with the aid of stress fields. In particular, the webs and flanges of beams, simple walls, brackets, bracing beams and joints of frames are investigated. By this means, the majority of design cases are already covered. In reality, all structural components are three-dimensional. Here, however, components are considered either directly as two-dimensional plate elements (i. e. the plane stress condition with no variation of stress over the thickness of the element) or they are subdivided into several plates. Since two-dimensional structural elements are statically redundant, it is pOSSible for a particular loading to be in equilibrium with many (theoretically an infinite number of) stress states. If the lower bound method of the theory of plasticity is employed, then an admissible stress field or any combination of such stress fields may be selected. In chapter 4 it is shown that this method is suitable for the design of reinforced concrete structures, and the consequence of the choice of the final structural system on the structural behavior is dealt with in detail. The first cases of the use of this method date back to Ritter [6] and Morsch [4], who already at the beginning of the century investigated the resultants of the internal stresses by means of truss models.
In recent years both free-standing and geometric staircases have become quite popular. Many variations exist, such as spiral, helical, and elliptical staircases, and combinations of these. A number of researchers have come forward with different concepts in the fields of analytical and numerical design and of experimental methods and assessments. The aim of this book is to cover all these methods and to present them with greater simplicity to practising engineers. Staircases is divided into five chapters: Specifications and basic data on staircases; Structural analysis of staircases – Classical methods; Structural analysis of staircases – Modern methods; Staircases and their analysis – A comparative study; Design analysis and structural detailing. Charts and graphs are included and numerous design examples are given of freestanding and other geometric staircases and of their elements and components. These examples are related to the case studies which were based on staircases that have already been constructed. All examples are checked using various Eurocodes. The book includes bibliographical references and is supported by two appendices, which will be of particular interest to those practising engineers who wish to make a comparative study of the different practices and code requirements used by various countries; detailed drawings are included from the USA, Britain, Europe and Asia. Staircases will serve as a useful text for teachers preparing design syllabi for undergraduate and post graduate courses. Each major section contains a full explanation which allows the book to be used by students and practising engineers, particularly those facing the formidable task of having to design/ detail complicated staircases with unusual boundary conditions. Contractors will also find this book useful in the preparation of construction drawings and manufacturers will be interested in the guidance given.
This report provides specifications, commentary, and examples for the design of horizontally curved concrete box-girder highway bridges. The report details the development of the design procedures. Recommended Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifications and design examples illustrating the application of the design methods and specifications are included in appendixes (available on the TRB website at http://trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=9596).
Intended as a companion volume to the author's Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete (published by Prentice-Hall of India), the Second Edition of this comprehensive and systematically organized text builds on the strength of the first edition, continuing to provide a clear and masterly exposition of the fundamentals of the theory of concrete design. The text meets the twin objective of catering to the needs of the postgraduate students of Civil Engineering and the needs of the practising civil engineers as it focuses also on the practices followed by the industry. This text, along with Limit State Design, covers the entire design practice of revised Code IS456 (2000). In addition, it analyzes the procedures specified in many other BIS codes such as those on winds, earthquakes, and ductile detailing. What's New to This Edition Chapter 18 on Earthquake Forces and Structural Response of framed buildings has been completely revised and updated so as to conform to the latest I.S. Codes 1893 (2002) entitled Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Part I - Fifth Revision). Chapters 19 and 21 which too deal with earthquake design have been revised. A Summary of elementary design of reinforced concrete members is added as Appendix. Valuable tables and charts are presented to help students and practising designers to arrive at a speedy estimate of the steel requirements in slabs, beams, columns and footings of ordinary buildings.
Bureau of Indian Standards, Delhi made large number of changes and alterations in IS: 456-2000, Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete. Realizing the necessity and importance, authors have updated the complete text and presented this subject "Limit State Design of Concrete Structures". Ultimate Limit State (ULS- conditions to be avoided) and serviceability Limit State (SLS- limits undesirable cracks and deflections) are two main essential elements of this subject. ULS includes `Limit State of Collapse in compression, in flexure, in shear and in torsion as sub elements. Whereas, SLS includes Limit State of Serviceability for deflections, cracking, fatigue, durability and vibrations as sub-elements. Features: (i) Text for life of concrete structures, fire resistance and corrosion. (ii) For all those, who carry-out their design using computer-programme, authors have given procedures (developed by them) for determining the stress in Hysd-steel bars corresponding to strain developed in concrete.