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In the last two decades, the unusual optical and physical properties of novel metallic nanostructures (such as gold, silver, and aluminum) has been the subject of intense research efforts. Surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance are two of the unique phenomena in novel metals which can be used to create different kinds of sensitive sensors and biosensors. In this work, a refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is designed and analytically investigated by a finite element method via COMSOL Multiphysics to detect chemicals. The intensity, spectral width and sensitivity of the plasmonic signals are highly affected by the shape, size, and configuration of the metallic nanostructures. Patterning the planar metallic thin film with cavities or protrusion can result in obtaining a tunable sensitivity for the sensor. The architecture of the nanohole/nanowire arrays leads to a nanostructure having multiple plasmonics properties. The simulation results show that the co-excitation of surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance modes can enhance the sensitivity of the SPR-based sensors significantly. To obtain this result, several cut lines through the metallic thin film were considered and the variation of the electric field intensity along those cut lines is studied. To determine the SPR and LSPR modes, the penetration depth of the plasmon field is characterized at metal/dielectric interfaces. After investigation of three models for the metallic layer (planar thin film, nanohole patterned thin film, and protrusive thin film), it was concluded that the device made of 20 nm cylindrical nanowire supported by a 40 nm thin film can result in the best performance parameters (in terms of sensitivity, absorption, and accuracy). Eight substances with refractive indices ranging from 1.333 to 1.38 were used to obtain the calibration data of the optimum sensor. The linear characteristic of the calibration curve shows that the sensor is able to detect unknown materials as a function of resonance wavelength. This study is proposing a new way to show the duality nature of patterned thin films to support both propagating and localized surface plasmon modes.
This volume brings together several recent research articles in the field of nanophotonics. The editors have arranged the chapters in three main parts: quantum devices, photonic devices, and semiconductor devices. The chapters cover a wide variety of scopes in those areas including principles of plasmonic, SPR, LSPR and their applications, graphene-based nanophotonic devices, generation of entangled photon and quantum dots, perovskite solar cells, photo-detachment and photoionization of two-electrons systems, diffusion and intermixing of atoms in semiconductor crystals, lattice and molecular elastic and inelastic scattering including surface-enhanced Raman Scattering and their applications. It is our sincerest hope that science and engineering students and researchers could benefit from the new ideas and recent advances in the field that are covered in this book.
Handbook of Microbial Nanotechnology is a collection of the most recent scientific advancements in the fundamental application of microbial nanotechnology across various sectors. This comprehensive handbook highlights the vast subject areas of microbial nanotechnology and its potential applications in food, pharmacology, water, environmental remediation, etc. This book will serve as an excellent reference handbook for researchers and students in the food sciences, materials sciences, biotechnology, microbiology and in the pharmaceutical fields.Microbial nanotechnology is taking part in creating development and innovation in various sectors. Despite the participation of microbial nanotechnology in modern development, there are some hindrances. The lack of information, the possibility of adverse impacts on the environment, human health, safety and sustainability are still a challenge. This handbook addresses these challenges. Offers up-to-date, scientific information on the integration of microbiology and nanotechnology Explores how nanotechnology can improve the detection of trace chemical contaminants, viruses and bacteria in food and other industry applications Provides readers with a fundamental understanding of microbial nanotechnology and its challenges Includes real-time applications with case studies to illustrate how microbial nanotechnology influences modern sciences and technologies
This volume publishes the proceedings of the WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering 2015 (WACBE 2015), which was be held in Singapore, from 6 to 8 July 2015. The World Association for Chinese Biomedical Engineers (WACBE) organizes this World Congress biannually. Our past congresses have brought together many biomedical engineers from over the world to share their experiences and views on the future development of biomedical engineering. The 7th WACBE World Congress on Bioengineering 2015 in Singapore continued to offer such a networking platform for all biomedical engineers. Hosted by the Biomedical Engineering Society (Singapore) and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, the congress covered all related areas in bioengineering.
Gold nanostructures offer an extremely promising path forward in the fields of imaging and sensing because of their unique optical and chemical properties. Here, we demonstrate that plasmonic nanostructures can be employed as nanoscale transducers to monitor the growth and phase transitions in ultrathin polymer films. In particular, gold nanorods with high refractive index sensitivity (~150 nm / refractive index unit (RIU)) were employed to probe the growth and swelling of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEM). By comparing the wavelength shift and extinction intensity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the gold nanorods coated with PEM in air and water, the swelling of PEM was estimated to be 26%±6%, which was confirmed with AFM imaging in air and water. The deployment of shape-controlled metal nanostructures with high refractive index sensitivity represents a novel and facile approach for monitoring the phase transition in polymers with nanoscale resolution. Additionally, we demonstrate bio-enabled synthesis of a novel class of functional SERS probes with built-in and accessible electromagnetic hotspots, which are formed by densely packed satellites grown on a gold plasmonic core. These accessible electromagnetic hotspots enable facile sampling of the surrounding complex biological milieu. The core-satellite superstructures serve as nanoscale sensors to spatiotemporally map intravesicular pH changes along endocytic pathways inside a living cell. Furthermore, we show that through rational choice of core shape, photothermal efficiency of the nanostructures can be modulated to realize either of the following: imaging probes with minimal heating, or multifunctional theranostic agents that can image and photothermally kill the cells for locoregional therapy. Bright, stable and multifunctional exogenous contrast agents are critical for advancing surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based functional bioimaging and image-guided therapy.
This book focuses on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique covering fibre optic sensor research. It highlights recent advancements in geometric feature-based fibre optic SPR sensors for chemical/biochemical/biosensor applications. The contents also discuss the principle of the SPR sensing technique as well as various designs of fibre optic SPR probes for improving sensor sensitivity. It also includes numerous examples of SPR-based fibre optic sensors with various geometric (such as U-type, taper type, D-type, and interferometric-based) sensors. This volume will be a useful reference to those in academia and industry especially researchers with useful information focusing on fibre optic SPR sensors.
This book addresses the important physical phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance or Surface Plasmon Polaritons in thin metal films, a phenomenon which is exploited in the design of a large variety of physico-chemical optical sensors. In this treatment, crucial materials aspects for design and optimization of SPR sensors are investigated and outlined in detail. The text covers the selection of nanometer thin metal films, ranging from free-electron to the platinum type conductors, along with their combination with a large variety of dielectric substrate materials, and associated individual layer and opto-geometric arrangements. Furthermore, as-yet hardly explored SPR features of selected metal–metal and metal–dielectric super lattices are included in this report. An in-depth multilayer Fresnel evaluation provides the mathematical tool for this optical analysis, which otherwise relies solely on experimentally determined electro-optical materials parameters.
This is a comprehensive treatment of the field of SPR sensors, in three parts. Part I introduces principles of surface plasmon resonance bio-sensors, electromagnetic theory of surface plasmons, theory of SPR sensors and molecular interactions at sensor surfaces. Part II examines the development of SPR sensor instrumentation and functionalization methods. Part III reviews applications of SPR biosensors in the study of molecules, and in environmental monitoring, food safety and medical diagnostics.
This significantly extended second edition addresses the important physical phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) or Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) in thin metal films, a phenomenon which is exploited in the design of a large variety of physico-chemical optical sensors. In this treatment, crucial materials aspects for design and optimization of SPR sensors are investigated and described in detail. The text covers a selection of nanometer thin metal films, ranging from free-electron to the platinum-type conductors, along with their combination with a large variety of dielectric substrate materials, and associated individual layer and opto-geometric arrangements. Whereas the first edition treated solely the metal-liquid interface, the SP-resonance conditions considered here are expanded to cover the metal-gas interface in the angular and wavelength interrogation modes, localized and long-range SP's and the influence of native oxidic ad-layers in the case of non-noble metals. Furthermore, a selection of metal grating structures that allow SP excitation is presented, as are features of radiative SP's. Finally, this treatise includes as-yet hardly explored SPR features of selected metal–metal and metal–dielectric superlattices. An in-depth multilayer Fresnel evaluation provides the mathematical tool for this optical analysis, which otherwise relies solely on experimentally determined electro-optical materials parameters.