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Nanochannel devices have been explored over the years with wide applications in bio/chemical analysis. With a dimension comparable to many bio-samples, such as proteins, viruses and DNA, nanochannels can be used as a platform to manipulate and detect such analytes with unique advantages. As a prerequisite to the development of nanochannel devices, various nanofabrication techniques have been investigated by many researchers for decades. In this dissertation, three different fabrication approaches for nanochannels are discussed, including a novel scanning coaxial electrospinning process, a heat-induced stretching approach and a standard contact photolithography process. The scanning coaxial electrospinning process is established based on conventional electrospinning process. A coaxial jet, with the motor oil as the core and spin-on-glass-coating/PVP solution as the shell, is deposited on the rotating collector as oriented coaxial nanofibers. These nanofibers are then annealed to eliminate the core material and form the hollow interior. Silica nanochannels with an inner diameter as small as 15 nm were obtained. The heat-induced stretching approach includes using commercially available fused silica tubings to create nanochannels by thermal deforming. This method and the electrospinning technique both focus on fabricate one-dimensional nanochannels with a circular opening. Fluorescent dye was used as a testing sample for single molecule detection and electrokinetic analysis in the resultant nanochannels. Another nanochannel device described in this dissertation has a deep-shallow step structure. It was fabricated by standard contact lithography, followed by etching and bonding. This device was applied as a powerful detection platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The experiment results proved that it is able to highly improve the sensitivity and efficiency of SERS. The SERS enhancement factor obtained from the device is 108. Moreover, the molecule enrichment effect of this device provides an extra 105 enhancement. The detection can be efficiently finished within minutes after simply loading the mixture of analytes solution and gold nanoparticles in the device. The sample consumption is in micro-liter range. Potential applications in diagnostics, prognositics and water pollutants detection could be achieved using this device.
This book is about large-scale electronic circuits design driven by nanotechnology, where nanotechnology is broadly defined as building circuits using nanoscale devices that are either implemented with nanomaterials (e.g., nanotubes or nanowires) or following an unconventional method (e.g., FinFET or III/V compound-based devices). These nanoscale devices have significant potential to revolutionize the fabrication and integration of electronic systems and scale beyond the perceived scaling limitations of traditional CMOS. While innovations in nanotechnology originate at the individual device level, realizing the true impact of electronic systems demands that these device-level capabilities be translated into system-level benefits. This is the first book to focus on nanoscale circuits and their design issues, bridging the existing gap between nanodevice research and nanosystem design.
In this dissertation, we design and fabricate nanostructures and devices using novel microfabrication techniques. In the first part of the dissertation, the design and fabrication of a variety of nanostructures, such as metal nanowires array, polymer nanowells, and nanostructured surfaces are discussed. In the second part, carbon nanotubes as a novel material has been explored as an example to demonstrate the integration of nanomaterials with novel microfabrication techniques to form a functional device. First, a resistive heating technique is developed to grow carbon nanotubes in localized regions, such as a nichrome heating coil. Then, MEMS micro-heating structures are designed for patterned carbon nanotubes film growth. At last, a MEMS sensor device using in-situ grown carbon nanotubes film as a sensing element is developed. The sensor shows sensitivity to hydrogen gas down to 100 ppm. A hypothetic model based on contact resistance modulation is presented to explain the observed sensing properties.
Nanotechnology, especially microfabrication, has been affecting every facet of traditional scientific disciplines. The first book on the application of microfluidic reactors in nanotechnology, Microfluidic Devices in Nanotechnology provides the fundamental aspects and potential applications of microfluidic devices, the physics of microfluids, specific methods of chemical synthesis of nanomaterials, and more. As the first book to discuss the unique properties and capabilities of these nanomaterials in the miniaturization of devices, this text serves as a one-stop resource for nanoscientists interested in microdevices.
This book introduces various advanced, smart materials and the strategies for the design and preparation for novel uses from macro to micro or from biological, inorganic, organic to composite materials. Selecting the best material is a challenging task, requiring tradeoffs between material properties and designing functional smart materials. The de
Micro-and Nanomechanics, Volume 5 of the Proceedings of the 2017 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fifth volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: MEMS & Energy Harvesting1D & 2D Materials/FabricationMicro/Nano Microscopy TechniquesNanomechanicsFlexible & Stretchable ElectronicsInterfaces & Adhesion
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22st International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2018, held in Madurai, India, in June 2018. The 39 full papers and 11 short papers presented together with 8 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 231 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: digital design; analog and mixed signal design; hardware security; micro bio-fluidics; VLSI testing; analog circuits and devices; network-on-chip; memory; quantum computing and NoC; sensors and interfaces.
To provide an interdisciplinary readership with the necessary toolkit to work with micro- and nanofluidics, this book provides basic theory, fundamentals of microfabrication, advanced fabrication methods, device characterization methods and detailed examples of applications of nanofluidics devices and systems. Case studies describing fabrication of complex micro- and nanoscale systems help the reader gain a practical understanding of developing and fabricating such systems. The resulting work covers the fundamentals, processes and applied challenges of functional engineered nanofluidic systems for a variety of different applications, including discussions of lab-on-chip, bio-related applications and emerging technologies for energy and environmental engineering. The fundamentals of micro- and nanofluidic systems and micro- and nanofabrication techniques provide readers from a variety of academic backgrounds with the understanding required to develop new systems and applications. Case studies introduce and illustrate state-of-the-art applications across areas, including lab-on-chip, energy and bio-based applications. Prakash and Yeom provide readers with an essential toolkit to take micro- and nanofluidic applications out of the research lab and into commercial and laboratory applications.
Although nanotechnology applied to medicine has a potentially huge impact on drug delivery and tissue engineering, significant challenges need to be resolved before clinically viable nanomedicine or nanobiomedicine therapies will be available. Skillfully edited, with contributions from an expert panel of researchers, Nanotechnology in Tissue Engine
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanomaterials covers major techniques for the design, synthesis, and development of multifunctional nanomaterials. The chapters highlight the main characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy.The book explores major synthesis methods and functional studies, including: Brillouin spectroscopy; Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic studies; Magnetic, ferroelectric, and magneto-electric coupling analysis; Organ-on-a-chip methods for testing nanomaterials; Magnetron sputtering techniques; Pulsed laser deposition techniques; Positron annihilation spectroscopy to prove defects in nanomaterials; Electroanalytic techniques. This is an important reference source for materials science students, scientists, and engineers who are looking to increase their understanding of design and fabrication techniques for a range of multifunctional nanomaterials. Explains the major design and fabrication techniques and processes for a range of multifunctional nanomaterials; Demonstrates the design and development of magnetic, ferroelectric, multiferroic, and carbon nanomaterials for electronic applications, energy generation, and storage; Green synthesis techniques and the development of nanofibers and thin films are also emphasized.