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Highlighting the processes and missteps involved in creating and carrying out school desegregation policies in Chicago, Dionne Danns discusses the challenges of using the 1964 Civil Rights Act to implement school desegregation and the resultant limitations and effectiveness of government legislative power in bringing about social change.
First published in 2003. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
This report of an advisory panel to the Chicago Board of Education deals with desegregation of the public schools, and offers a plan ""by which any educational, psychological, and emotional problems or inequities in the school system"" can be removed. The introduction deals with historical and legal background and the problem of integration in a pluralistic society; a summary of the Panel's findings, recommendations with their rationale; and a general discussion of implementation. The panel's findings on de facto segregation are discussed in relation to racial composition of student body (schools are defined as integrated when they are at least 10% Negro and 10% white), and the racial distribution of teachers. Quality of Education in white, integrated, and Negro schools is discussed in terms of overcrowding; class size; student-staff ratio; teaching staff; attendances; dropouts and mobility; achievement; curriculum and teaching methods; and physical facilities. Recommendations, based on the currently accepted premises about the value of desegregation, stress that the principle of the neighborhood school must be modified to achieve the ""higher priority"" of expanding ""the freedom of individual choice."" Appendices include policy statements, social-psychological material on segregation, and tables of data on which recommendations were based. A study guide for the report is included. (Nh).
Scholars have long explored school desegregation through various lenses, examining policy, the role of the courts and federal government, resistance and backlash, and the fight to preserve Black schools. However, few studies have examined the group experiences of students within desegregated schools. Crossing Segregated Boundaries centers the experiences of over sixty graduates of the class of 1988 in three desegregated Chicago high schools. Chicago’s housing segregation and declining white enrollments severely curtailed the city’s school desegregation plan, and as a result desegregation options were academically stratified, providing limited opportunities for a chosen few while leaving the majority of students in segregated, underperforming schools. Nevertheless, desegregation did provide a transformative opportunity for those students involved. While desegregation was the external impetus that brought students together, the students themselves made integration possible, and many students found that the few years that they spent in these schools had a profound impact on broadening their understanding of different racial and ethnic groups. In very real ways, desegregated schools reduced racial isolation for those who took part.
In 2012, Chicago's school year began with the city's first teachers' strike in a quarter century and ended with the largest mass closure of public schools in U.S. history. On one side, a union leader and veteran black woman educator drew upon organizing strategies from black and Latinx communities to demand increased school resources. On the other side, the mayor, backed by the Obama administration, argued that only corporate-style education reform could set the struggling school system aright. The stark differences in positions resonated nationally, challenging the long-standing alliance between teachers' unions and the Democratic Party. Elizabeth Todd-Breland recovers the hidden history underlying this battle. She tells the story of black education reformers' community-based strategies to improve education beginning during the 1960s, as support for desegregation transformed into community control, experimental schooling models that pre-dated charter schools, and black teachers' challenges to a newly assertive teachers' union. This book reveals how these strategies collided with the burgeoning neoliberal educational apparatus during the late twentieth century, laying bare ruptures and enduring tensions between the politics of black achievement, urban inequality, and U.S. democracy.
"Busing, in which students were transported by school buses to achieve court-ordered or voluntary school desegregation, became one of the nation's most controversial civil rights issues in the decades after Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Examining battles over school desegregation in cities like Boston, Chicago, New York, and Pontiac, [this book posits that] school officials, politicians, courts, and the news media valued the desires of white parents more than the rights of black students, and how antibusing parents and politicians borrowed media strategies from the civil rights movement to thwart busing for school desegregation"--Provided by publisher.
List of Oral History and Interview Participants -- Notes -- Index