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Si en el libro Conocimiento para el desarrollo publicado en esta serie, se pretendía promover la reflexión sobre el carácter poliédrico del conocimiento, en éste se aspira a profundizar en casos de regiones que han experimentado un desarrollo significativo gracias al conocimiento. Los casos corresponden a regiones de Iberoamérica y son presentados por profesionales conocedores de la realidad de cada una de ellas.
Significant historical and geographical differences account for the many processes and trajectories of regional development in East Asia. These historical and geographical specificities in East Asia have prompted serious re-examination of existing theories in regional development, and in particular the "new regionalism" approach associated with such ideas as the learning region, institutional thickness, relational assets, and regional innovation system. This book brings together a group of leading researchers specializing in local and regional development in East Asian economies. Through in-depth empirical studies of specific regions and localities, these authors offer fresh and innovative perspectives on how regions evolve and develop over time in the world’s most dynamic macro-regional economy. In particular, their work points to the critical importance of local and trans-local processes in shaping regional development trajectories. The book is timely given that the debate on the nature and dynamics of regional development in both academic and policy circles has now moved on. From the earlier focus on endogenous regional assets (such as localized networks of association and trust), scholars and policymakers are now analyzing the complex relationship between economic globalization and regional change. This high calibre collection makes a significant contribution to the literature on local and regional development in Asia and provides an important resource for researchers, students, and policy makers interested in East Asia. This book was published as a special issue of Regional Studies.
La mayoria de estudios empiricos encuentran una relacion positiva y significativa entre innovacion y rendimiento de las empresas. Bajo estas consideraciones, en este trabajo se realiza una evaluacion comparativa del rendimiento en innovacion de la UE con otras regiones desarrolladas, principalmente EEUU y Japon, descubriendo la existencia de una clara brecha a favor de estas ultimas. Para analizar estos diferenciales en los niveles de innovacion a nivel geografico hemos analizado el rendimiento de las empresas de gran tamano a nivel mundial. Los resultados sugieren que la I+D se puede identificar como una "proxy" de los beneficios futuros, sin diferencias significativas entre Europa, Norteamerica y Japon. Estos resultados contrastan claramente con la brecha creciente en el rendimiento de I+D observado entre las regiones mencionadas. Concluimos que estas divergencias tienen que ser debidas necesariamente al rendimiento de las PYMES y por ello analizamos las principales barreras a la innovacion a los que estas se enfrentan en el mercado. Por ultimo, elaboramos un modelo integral de innovacion que asegure el exito del proceso de innovacion hacia el desarrollo regional de los paises."
Does enterprise participation in global markets ensure sustainable income growth? Policies have often been designed in the belief that this is true, but competitiveness and participation in international markets may take very different forms, and developing countries do not always benefit. This book presents a series of rich and original field studies from Latin America, conducted by the authors with the same consistent methodological approach, and represents a theory-generating exercise within clusters and economic development literature. The main question addressed is how Latin American small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) may participate in global markets in ways that provide for sustainable income growth, the “high road” to competitiveness. In contrast, the “low road” is often typically followed by small firms from developing countries, which often compete by squeezing wages and revenues rather than by increasing productivity, salaries, and profits.
This PhD thesis deals with the performance of clusters. Even though cluster studies are numerous, a coherent framework to analyze cluster performance is lacking. In this thesis, such a framework is developed, drawing from different schools that deal with clusters. Central in the framework is a distinction to variables of cluster performance related to the structure of a cluster and variables related to the governance of a cluster. Four structure variables - agglomeration ands disagglomeration forces, internal competition, heterogeneity of the cluster and the level of entry and exit barriers - and four governance related variables - the presence of trust, the presence of intermediaries, the presence of leader firms and the quality of collective action regimes - are identified and discussed. The validity of these variables is confirmed in the three case studies, of the port clusters of Rotterdam, Durban, and the lower Mississippi. The strengths and weaknesses of the three port clusters, the importance of the variables discussed above and opportunities for policy and management to improve the performance of clusters are discussed.The results of this study are relevant for cluster scholars and for scholars specializing in port studies. The thesis is also relevant for (port) cluster managers and for managers of firms in (port) clusters, since implications of this study for policy and management in (port) clusters are discussed.