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Liberalizing the regulation and welcoming the private delivery of inputs and technology greatly increased the private transfer of technology to Turkish farmers. Regulatory reform in Turkey allowed private firms to increase their share of input markets and allowed farmers to significantly increase yields and production.Turkey is one of a handful of developing countries that have liberalized regulation of agricultural inputs and welcomed private firms delivering technology and inputs. Gisselquist and Pray show that Turkish regulatory reform affecting seeds and other inputs in the 1980s:deg; Greatly increased private technology transfer into Turkey.deg; Encouraged market entry for more foreign and domestic companies involved in production and trade in Turkey.deg; Allowed private firms to increase their share of input markets.deg; Where inputs brought new technology, allowed farmers to significantly increase yields and production.Gisselquist and Pray recommend that the World Bank and other donors involved with agriculture pay more attention to the regulation of inputs in developing countries. They also recommend that developing country governments revise regulations to leave choices about technology performance to farmers and markets-and to focus instead on externalities, removing unnecessary obstacles to private technology transfer through the production and trade of inputs.Other countries that have similarly reformed the regulation of agricultural inputs include Chile (in the 1970s), Bangladesh and India (at the end of the 1980s), Malawi (in 1995-96), and Romania (in 1997).This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is one of four country case studies of regulatory reform for agricultural inputs. Other studies examine the impact of regulatory reform in Bangladesh, India, and Zimbabwe (where reform was partial). This study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Regulating Technology Transfer: Impact on Technical Change, Productivity, and Incomes. David Gisselquist may be contacted at [email protected].
Many transition and developing economies have reduced direct public involvement in the production and trade of seed and other agricultural inputs. This trend creates opportunities for farmers to realize improved access to inputs, including technology from international private research. Unfortunately, input regulations often derail these opportunities by blocking private entry and the introduction of private technology. This study looks at the experience in Bangladesh, India, Turkey, and Zimbabwe to see whether regulations make a difference in agriculture and input industries in developing economies. In all countries, companies and farmers responded to regulatory reforms by introducing and adopting more new technology and by expanding the production, trade, and use of inputs. The increased use of private technology has brought higher yields and incomes, allowing farmers and consumers to reach higher levels of welfare. These results challenge governments to open their regulatory systems to allow market entry and the introduction of private technology through seeds and other inputs.
This book explores the social, economic, and policy problems associated with introducing new agriculture and aquaculture technology to developing nations as a means for expanding food supplies and increasing well-being. The contributors examine three general facets of planning for technology transfer and consider methodologies that enable effective