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Este libro pretende reflexionar críticamente sobre la realidad y las instituciones para transformarlas y ponerlas al servicio de los derechos humanos. Nuestra intención es abrir nuevas áreas de investigación para interpretar la interacción entre el derecho internacional y el derecho interno de los países que forman parte del complejo sistema internacional e interamericano de promoción y protección de los derechos humanos, analizar su efectividad y visualizar a un sistema de derechos humanos complejo, cuya efectividad y funcionamiento podría beneficiarse de una aproximación holística al mismo. Como resultará claro al lector, no se pretende desarrollar una teoría general sobre el sistema de protección de los derechos humanos. Las piezas que lo componen se asientan en ciertos convencimientos sustantivos basados en aproximaciones teóricas y prácticas mediante el ejercicio de la defensa de los derechos humanos en múltiples niveles. Este proceso dinámico se desprende de comprender que todos los cambios sociales vendrán desde las propias sociedades. En estos procesos convergen el orden local y el internacional. La comunidad internacional debe acompañar y apoyar el cambio social sin remplazar ni sustituir. Por eso, un sistema internacional, como el interamericano, no es un fin en sí mismo sino tan solo un instrumento que debe estar al servicio de los actores nacionales y aquellos que luchan por transformaciones sociales que profundizan la vigencia de los derechos humanos. Cada parte de esta obra refleja una preocupación constante que moviliza la reflexión teórica y el trabajo profesional: la situación de pobreza en la que viven vastos sectores de la sociedad, la profunda discriminación e inequidad presente global y localmente. No hay posibilidad de tener un sistema (nacional o internacional) de protección de los derechos humanos que no comprenda, analice y contextualice las violaciones a los derechos humanos sin considerar la pobreza y la discriminación. Ellas son causa y consecuencia de violaciones a los derechos y las respuestas no pueden abstraerse de dicho contexto si pretenden tener un impacto transformador. El sistema interamericano se ha instalado como un actor permanente y prominente en la discusión sobre la protección de los derechos y lo ha hecho, principalmente, gracias a que la Corte y la Comisión se han mostrado receptivas a las demandas de las víctimas y de las organizaciones de derechos humanos. Por ello, el análisis y discusión de las ambivalencias, contradicciones y vacíos jurisprudenciales existentes, así como de las dificultades y obstáculos que presenta la defensa de derechos humanos a nivel interamericano, son un imperativo necesario para considerar las potencialidades y limitaciones que ofrece un mecanismo judicializado internacional para tutelar estos derechos colectivos. Un hilo conductor de los trabajos aquí publicados es la importancia de tener una mirada seria, reflexiva y critica del funcionamiento del sistema interamericano como una de las mejores maneras de fortalecerlo y proveerlo de mayor legitimidad.
This ground-breaking collection of essays outlines and explains the unique development of Latin American jurisprudence. It introduces the idea of the Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina (ICCAL), an original Latin American path of transformative constitutionalism, to an Anglophone audience for the first time. It charts the key developments that have transformed the region and assesses the success of the constitutional projects that followed a period of authoritarian regimes in Latin America. Coined by scholars who have been documenting, conceptualizing, and comparing the development of Latin American public law for more than a decade, the term ICCAL encompasses themes that cross national borders and legal fields, taking in constitutional law, administrative law, general public international law, regional integration law, human rights, and investment law. Not only does this volume map the legal landscape, it also suggests measures to improve society via due legal process and a rights-based, supranational and regionally rooted constitutionalism. The editors contend that with the strengthening of democracy, the rule of law, and human rights, common problems such as the exclusion of wide sectors of the population from having a say in government, as well as corruption, hyper-presidentialism, and the weak normativity of the law can be combatted more effectively in future.
This study of 200 years of Latin American constitutionalism (1810-2010) both presents a description and a critical analysis of what Latin Americans did with their Constitutions during those years.
Gender Justice and Legal Pluralities: Latin American and African Perspectives examines the relationship between legal pluralities and the prospects for greater gender justice in developing countries. Rather than asking whether legal pluralities are ‘good’ or ‘bad’ for women, the starting point of this volume is that legal pluralities are a social fact. Adopting a more anthropological approach to the issues of gender justice and women’s rights, it analyzes how gendered rights claims are made and responded to within a range of different cultural, social, economic and political contexts. By examining the different ways in which legal norms, instruments and discourses are being used to challenge or reinforce gendered forms of exclusion, contributing authors generate new knowledge about the dynamics at play between the contemporary contexts of legal pluralities and the struggles for gender justice. Any consideration of this relationship must, it is concluded, be located within a broader, historically informed analysis of regimes of governance.
Across Latin America, indigenous women are organizing to challenge racial, gender, and class discrimination through the courts. Collectively, by engaging with various forms of law, they are forging new definitions of what justice and security mean within their own contexts and struggles. They have challenged racism and the exclusion of indigenous people in national reforms, but also have challenged ‘bad customs’ and gender ideologies that exclude women within their own communities. Featuring chapters on Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico, the contributors to Demanding Justice and Security include both leading researchers and community activists. From Kichwa women in Ecuador lobbying for the inclusion of specific clauses in the national constitution that guarantee their rights to equality and protection within indigenous community law, to Me’phaa women from Guerrero, Mexico, battling to secure justice within the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for violations committed in the context of militarizing their home state, this book is a must-have for anyone who wants to understand the struggle of indigenous women in Latin America.
“This collection, because of its exceptional theoretical coherence and sophistication, is qualitatively superior to the most frequently consulted anthologies on Latin American women’s history and literature . . . [and] represents a new, more theoretically rigorous stage in the feminist debate on Latin American women.”—Elizabeth Garrels, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The book explains why and when laws go unenforced in developing countries. It argues that the tolerance of street vending and squatting is a form of informal welfare provision and a more effective means to mobilize the poor than conventional state social policies.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.