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The last work published by Kant himself is a study of the relationship of philosophy to other academic disciplines. The very title of the work, Streit der Fakultäten (Dispute between the Faculties), published in 1797, makes it clear that the various disciplines are related critically, even polemically, to each other. As academic disciplines they share common obligations of knowledge, enlightenment and education; in their relationship with each other, however, they have the duty to contest the means and aims of knowledge. There can only be living science where this dispute about knowledge is conducted with the means of knowledge. In this volume, representatives of the faculties addressed by Kant give their assessment of Kant's relevance for their disciplines. As the Dispute between the Faculties was and is of importance for the foundation of the University of Berlin, Kant's contribution to university reform is also considered.
It is in the interest of the totalitarian state that subjects not think for themselves, much less confer about their thinking. Writing under the hostile watch of the Prussian censorship, Immanuel Kant dared to argue the need for open argument, in the university if nowhere else. In this heroic criticism of repression, first published in 1798, he anticipated the crises that endanger the free expression of ideas in the name of national policy. Composed of three sections written at different times, The Conflict of the Faculties dwells on the eternal combat between the "lower" faculty of philosophy, which is answerable only to individual reason, and the faculties of theology, law, and medicine, which get "higher" precedence in the world of affairs and whose teachings and practices are of interest to the government. Kant makes clear, for example, the close alliance between the theological faculty and the government that sanctions its teachings and can resort to force and censorship. All the more vital and precious, then, the faculty of philosophy, which encourages independent thought before action. The first section, "The Conflict of the Philosophy Faculty with the Theology Faculty," is essentially a vindication of the right of the philosophical faculty to freedom of expression. In the other sections the philosopher takes a long and penetrating look at medicine and law, the one preserving the physical "temple" and the other regulating its actions.
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The international expansion of conceptual historical research during last 20 years is a remarkable turn in the academia. The conceptual confrontation of different approaches, themes and forms of research has reached several academic fields in numerous countries. From the 1990s to the present Kari Palonen has shaped and supported this change with his emphasis on its role for the study of politics. The chapters of this volume offer a testimony of the changing awareness, new thematics and multiple research orientations of this story. Palonen discusses the works of Reinhart Koselleck and Quentin Skinner as partly competing, partly converging approaches to conceptual history. He applies both Koselleck's time-centred and Skinner's rhetorical perspectives in his own studies on theorising politics. Simultaneously he emphasises the heuristic impulse of both approaches for the study of political practices, for the reorientation of parliamentary studies in particular.
Biblical narratives include some of the most important and influential narratives in human history, shaping human understanding of the most basic questions of human life as lived individually or in social association with others. These narratives have lasted for so many centuries because they offer deep insights into the nature of the human condition and human flourishing. This volume includes chapters by accomplished philosophers and theologians who bring their expertise to bear on biblical narratives to show the way in which each narrative contributes something distinctive to our understanding of human flourishing. They broaden the ongoing work in analytic theology with a new focus on narrative and the knowledge of persons in philosophical-theological biblical exegesis. They also illustrate the narrative cognition that this methodology can provide. The book will be of interest to scholars of philosophy, theology, and biblical studies.
In this important book, Chung-Hyun Baik explores one of the central issues in contemporary Trinitarian theology: the relationship between the economic and immanent Trinity. Engaging a wide variety of Trinitarian theologians and contemporary philosophers, Baik offers a vital analysis of the ontological and epistemological issues that bear on a proper understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity. Noting that the meaning of mystery in the New Testament is Jesus Christ himself, Baik argues that, in order to rightly approach the question of the relationship between the immanent and the economic Trinity, it is necessary to understand the mystery of the divine being as centered in Christ himself. Moreover, Christ is not merely a device for resolving epistemological or ontological tensions, but rather the fullness of the divine mystery, and as such, must be determinative of all such theological and philosophical questions.
Foreign interference in elections may have attracted increased public attention since 2016, but it is a practice virtually as old as modern electoral democracy itself. This book offers the most comprehensive account of its normative implications yet. It discusses relevant standards of international law, human rights, and democratic theory, thereby casting a net wide enough to address the fundamental value of human dignity as well as the conditions of real political autonomy. Ultimately, the book identifies potential deficits of legality, accountability, and legitimacy ensuing from certain types of foreign electoral interference, and it provides ideas on what can and should be done in response.