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The topic of the 43rd Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance was "Public Finance and the Performance of Enterprises." The title reflected profound changes in the thinking and approaches of economists traced back to economic developments such as the worldwide slowing down of economic growth, dwindling of productivity increases, growing unemployment, and rampant increase in public debt experienced during the 1970s and 80s. The Congress was not primarily concerned therefore with the economic efficiency of particular enterprises, but with the interface of Public Finance and the behavior of enterprises. The intent was to detect how fiscal policy decisions effect the behavior of enterprises and how this in turn influences the overall performance of an economy--to seek microeconomic foundations for macroeconomic relationships. This volume presents the proceedings of the 43rd Congress with papers from numerous international contributors.
Amidst a capitalist crisis that has upturned mainstream orthodoxies, this title underscores the importance of historical and materialist understandings of capitalist economies. It exposes the limitations of neoclassical economics' endogenous growth theory and how it, in fact, gropes for understandings well established within Marxism.
Through 18 chapters, this book draws on policy lessons from successful countries that have managed to overcome political economy constraints and reach upper-middle-income emerging market economy status to examine how Senegal can achieve per capita growth rates of four to five percent per year over a 20-year period, as well as lessons for other low-income countries. Contributors working in academia, civil society, and government in Senegal, as well as at the World Bank, in peer countries like Mauritius, Morocco, and Seychelles, and the International Monetary Fund, address creating a sound, balanced, and efficient fiscal framework through new revenue-raising measures, expenditure rationalization, and more efficient public investment; promoting an inclusive and deeper financial sector; relieving constraints on doing business and promoting private investment, including foreign direct investment; and achieving high, sustained, and inclusive growth. They discuss Senegal's macroeconomic environment and what it means to be an upper-middle-income emerging market economy, including the country's industrial framework, the Plan Senegal emergent growth targets, and dimensions of inclusive growth; revenue mobilization, public expenditure efficiency and rationalization, and debt sustainability; ways to make Senegal's financial system more stable, deeper, and more inclusive in the context of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; aspects of structural reform in the country and ways to implement reforms to achieve growth; and social inclusion and protection in Senegal.
Cet ouvrage présente une série d’orientations politiques, ainsi que leurs déclinaisons opérationnelles, permettant aux pays d’Afrique subsaharienne de relever le défi de l’amélioration de l’apprentissage tout en élargissant l’accès et en assurant l’achèvement d’une éducation de base pour tous. L’étude souligne l’importance de configurer le système éducatif de manière à ce qu’il soit constamment axé sur les résultats et à ce que tous les enfants aient accès à de bonnes écoles, du matériel d’apprentissage de qualité et d’excellents enseignants. L’approche de cet ouvrage est unique car elle caractérise les pays en fonction des défis auxquels ils ont été confrontés dans les années 1990 et selon les progrès accomplis en matière d’éducation au cours des 25 dernières années, ce qui permet ainsi aux pays de la région d’apprendre les uns des autres. Les auteurs présentent une revue de littérature et y ajoutent de nouvelles analyses tirées de multiples données provenant d’une trentaine pays de la région. Ils intègrent également des résultats de recherche sur ce qui influence l’apprentissage des enfants, leur accès à la scolarisation et les progrès accomplis grâce à l’éducation de base. Le livre tire des leçons sur la région pour la région à partir de ce qui fonctionne et de ce qui serait nécessaire d’améliorer. Le livre explore quatre pistes pour aider les pays à ajuster leurs systèmes éducatifs afin d’améliorer l’apprentissage : poursuivre les efforts inachevés visant à assurer une éducation de base universelle et de qualité, assurer une supervision et un soutien efficaces des enseignants, concentrer les priorités de dépenses et les procédures budgétaires sur l’amélioration de la qualité, et combler le déficit de capacités du système institutionnel. L’ouvrage se termine par une évaluation de la manière dont les prévisions de taux de fécondité et de croissance économique peuvent impacter les progrès futurs en matière d’éducation.
Since the global financial crisis, government debt has soared globally by 40 percent and now exceeds an astonishing $100 trillion. Not all countries, though, have fared the same. Indeed, even prior to the financial crisis, the fiscal fates of countries have been diverging, despite predictions that pressures from economic globalization push countries toward more convergent fiscally conservative policies. Featuring the work of an international interdisciplinary team of scholars, this volume explains patterns of fiscal performance (persistent patterns of budget deficits and government debt) from the 1970s to the present across seven countries – France, Italy, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, and the United States. Employing a comparative case study approach, seldom employed in studies of fiscal performance, contributions illuminate the complex causal factors often overlooked by quantitative studies and advances our theoretical understanding of fiscal performance. Among other things, the cases highlight the role of taxpayer consent, tax structure, the welfare state, organization of interests, and labor and financial markets in shaping fiscal outcomes. A necessary resource to understand a broader array of factors that shape fiscal outcomes in specific national contexts, this book will reinvigorate the study of fiscal performance.