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"This report describes the Department of Defense recommendations for base closures and realignments to the 1993 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission ..."--Page 1
Approximately 13 years ago, in December 1988, the first military base closure commission recommended the closing and realignment of 145 US domestic bases and facilities. This action was the consequence of the Department of Defense's broad reevaluation of its mission in conjunction with the weakening and ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union. There was little need, according to the Pentagon, to continue to retain the vast Cold War-era infrastructure. Funds saved from closing down under-utilised bases, DOD further noted, could be used to enhance development of new weapons and improved readiness. Three additional rounds followed the 1988 round of infrastructure reductions in 1991, 1993, and 1995. Since then, no further rounds of base closures and realignments have been authorised by Congress, despite repeated requests from the Department of Defense in recent years for two additional rounds. The reasons for congressional resistance are two-fold. First, there is concern over a likely backlash from constituents living in or near military installations. Second, many Members of Congress remain wary about a repetition of the perceived political intrusion by the Clinton Administration that occurred in regard to the 1995 recommendations to close Kelly and McClellan air force bases. This book reveals the tension in the military facilities that may yet again be up for closure. Also discussed are the issues members of Congress feel need be answered before conducting a new round of base closures, when the national security environment is uncertain.
The Department of Defense (DoD) is currently implementing recommendations from the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) round, which is the fifth round undertaken by DoD since 1988. The 2005 round is, by GAO's assessment, the biggest, most complex, and costliest BRAC round ever, in part because, unlike previous rounds, the Secretary of Defense viewed the 2005 round as an opportunity not only to achieve savings but also to assist in transforming the department. GAO's testimony addresses the following: (1) GAO's role in the BRAC process, and (2) how DoD's current cost and savings estimates to implement the 2005 recommendations compare to the 2005 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission's (the Commission) cost and savings estimates. This testimony is based primarily on the report GAO issued yesterday (GAO-08-159) on the overall changes to DoD's cost and savings estimates for the 2005 BRAC round. To analyze these changes, GAO compared the Commission's estimates in its 2005 report to DoD's estimates in its fiscal year 2008 BRAC budget submission. This testimony is also based on several reports GAO has issued on the implementation of selected recommendations, and GAO's prior work assessing the 2005 decision making process. GAO's work was performed in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards.
This report describes the Department of Defense recommendations for base closures and realignments to the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission. The recommendations were submitted by the Secretary of Defense to the Commission in April of 1991, as authorized by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991. The recommendations were also transmitted to the Congress and filed with the Federal Register, as required by the Act. The list of military installations inside the United States for closure or realignment is based on the force structure plan and the final criteria, as required by the Act. The list includes 43 bases recommended for closure and 28 bases recommended for realignment. Total costs to implement these recommendations are expected to be $5.7 billion between fiscal years 1992 and 1997. These costs could be offset by about $1.9 billion in expected land value. Total savings during the same period are expected to be $6.5 billion. The annual recurring savings beginning in fiscal year 1998 will total about $1.7 billion. The Department of Defense is reducing and reshaping its military forces to adapt to changes in the strategic environment, and to meet the challenges and opportunities of the post-Cold War era. The changes, challenges and opportunities, as well as the new defense strategy and the forces required to implement the strategy, are described in the force structure plan which is part of this report.