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The welfare state of the 20th century was designed to provide support from the cradle to the grave, but the changing demographic profile of Britain - longer life-spans mean that by 2007 the number of people over state pension age will exceed the number of children - presents a challenge to such a system of support. This plan sets out the Government's strategy of aiming for an 80 per cent employment rate as the best means of keeping people out of poverty, and allowing saving for a secure retirement. Such an aspiration requires the movement into work of a proportion of those people traditionally seen as outside the labour market and with complex barriers preventing entry into that market. Supporting these inactive people into employment will require carefully tailored support. The strategy outlines the approach in three major areas: (1) supporting children and families, including helping lone parents into gainful work; (2) helping those on incapacity benefits to return to work; (3) breaking down barriers to employment faced by disabled people, older workers and ethnic minorities.
This thoroughly updated new edition provides a comprehensive introduction to contemporary social policy, and addresses its historical, theoretical and contextual foundations. Divided into four sections, it opens with a survey of the socio-economic, political and governmental contexts within which social policy operates, before moving on to look at the historical development of the subject. The third section examines contemporary aspects of providing welfare, whilst the final part covers European and wider international developments. The text explores the major topics and areas in contemporary social policy, including: work and welfare education adult health and social care children and families crime and criminal justice health housing race disability Issues are addressed throughout in a lively and accessible style, and examples are richly illustrated to encourage the student to engage with theory and content, and to help highlight the relevance of social policy in our understanding of modern society. It is packed with features including, ‘Spotlight’ ‘Discussion and review’ and ‘Controversy and debate’ boxes, as well as further readings and recommended websites. A comprehensive glossary also provides explanations of key terms and abbreviations. Social Policy is an essential textbook for undergraduate students taking courses in social policy and related courses such as criminology, health studies, politics, sociology, nursing, youth and social work.
This book is the fifth, and final, volume in the State of the Nations yearbook series on devolution in the UK. This book explores the future of devolution, by examining the new political dynamics devolution has put into play. These concern devolution's operation and also its impact - how devolution has altered politics in the parts of the UK that experience devolution and in the UK as a whole. Chapters examine the key topics in devolution, and examine the interplay between institutional change and social, economic and political forces (both those that existed before devolution and those brought into being by it). This interplay creates scope for varying forms of change, but what that change means varies from topic to topic. In some cases - such as Wales - institutional issues remain to the fore, while in others - such as Scotland - pressures for institutional change are relatively limited but the devolved institutions create scope for new political factors to come into play.
The activation-based intervention paradigm is being adopted by several European countries resulting in major reforms to the social welfare system. The spread of the activation paradigm has had major repercussions, not only for welfare interventions aimed at combating unemployment, but also for the political regulation of the social question and citizenship. Citizenship is being redefined in contractual terms and greater emphasis is being placed on its economic aspects. Nevertheless, a wide range of policies are labelled with recourse to this interpretative framework and a pluralistic approach to implementation could serve just as well to empower as to weaken workers'/citizens' position in society. This book analyses the extent of these changes from a cross-cultural perspective. Institutional settings as well as prevailing work values and social representation of social exclusion (activation regimes) have a key role in defining the instruments to be used in national activation strategies to regulate the behaviour of job seekers. In this book, a discussion about the range of social welfare model reforms throughout Europe and a typology of activation regimes is proposed.
Improving educational attainment and raising employment rates among disadvantaged groups are key targets for the current government. This report shows that for one important group - disabled young people - these goals are far from being achieved. The report analyses nationally representative data to show that parental background is more important than disability status in shaping young people's aspirations; despite high aspirations, educational and occupational outcomes are significantly worse for disabled young people and the gap between disabled and non-disabled young people's experiences widens as they get older. The report argues that while mainstream and comprehensive education may have succeeded in raising aspirations for disabled young people, this has not been translated into real opportunities in early adult life. It also highlights the need for a new direction in careers advice and welfare to work programmes. Frustrated ambition: The education and employment of disabled young people is essential reading for academics, policymakers and practitioners with an interest in the role aspirations play in education and employment.
Designed for use by undergraduates on social policy, social work and sociology courses and by students on vocational training courses (including postgraduate), this textbook covers all the main topics of social policy.
This book offers a state-of-the-art discussion of the political issues surrounding unemployment in Europe. Its unique combination offers both a policy and institutional perspective, whilst studying the viewpoint of individual civil society members engaging in collective action on the issue of joblessness. It is the result of Marco Giugni’s three year cross-national comparative research project, financed by the European Commission, united with hand picked contributions from invited experts. Throughout his study he focuses on how the EU approaches national unemployment, the main national differences in talk about unemployment and unemployment policy, and how the representatives of the unemployed produce and coordinate demands in relation to unemployment policy. This book contains a number of genuinely cross-national chapters along with sections on specific national cases, namely the UK, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and Sweden.
Volumes of the Topical Issues in Pain series are now a common sight in Physiotherapy departments and practices throughout the UK. More and more students are using them to learn clinical skills and as key references for study and research. The accolades the series has received from within and outside the profession are both moving and cheering for Physiotherapy. This 5th volume energetically moves the boundaries of Physiotherapy on, divided into 5 sections, it considers some of the most important issues and challenges facing clinicians and society today. The section on return to work (3) examines the financial and human costs of work absence, the difficulties that surround and often prevent people in pain from returning to work and finally details practical ways of helping patients actually get there. It is becoming increasingly clear that the traditional treatments being offered for common and benign pain states, whether by therapists, Drs or Surgeons, are ineffective when measured in terms of return to work and confident function - why is this? The answers most likely lie in the broader, multidimensional, understanding of pain biology (section 5) that is embraced in the principles and practice of cognitive-behavioural therapies and approaches (section 4), especially when they are used alongside physical rehabilitation programmes (sections 1, 2, 3 & 4). Vitally, these proven approaches are patient-orientated requiring highly trained experts in listening, explaining and communicating (sections 1 & 2). This book acknowledges that there no simple 'fix' that takes a hurting human being from a state of vulnerability back to one of physical confidence and full working potential. What it is does though, is breathe a breath of optimism into the current state-of-the-art of the physical pain-management process that, when skilfully applied, actually does help a great deal. The Topical Issues in Pain series derives from the work, study days and seminars of the Physiotherapy Pain Association and is written by clinicians for clinicians.
EBOOK: An Introduction to Human Resource Management
This is the first book on working with disabled people to take an aspirational, outcomes-focused approach to professional practice. It forms the first attempt to grapple with the massive legislative and policy shifts in the Disability field in the last 15 years and provides an up-to-date, positive approach to professional practice, based on the social model of disability. Importantly, the book translates both adult and children′s′ disability legislation and policy guidance into positive, creative, enabling practice methods for professionals in social care, health, employment and independent living. The book takes a practical approach that challenges professionals to confront key issues in disability studies, policy and practice. The key topics covered are: o The Historical Legacy, Legislation, Policy and Guidance o Community Care and Beyond o Pivotal Moments in the development of disability policy o Independent Living, Choices and Rights o Life course Issues o Valuing Diversity o Key Challenges for an aspiring social model practitioner This book is an indispensable resource for all professionals and students working with disabled people.