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How long did ancient Romans live? What were the leading causes of death? At what age did they marry? What percentage of the infant mortality rate was due to infanticide? Did the Romans themselves keep accurate statistics? Previous attempts to answer such questions have often proved unconvincing - in part because historians lacked the detailed knowledge of demography needed for such investigations. In Demography and Roman Society Tim Parkin shows how modern demographic tools and techniques can be used to shed new light on the study of ancient society. In Part One Parkin shows how the ancient evidence - from inscriptions on Roman tombstones to the skeletons themselves - cannot be used to provide reliable data on such demographic issues as population distribution by age, geographical location, class, and sex. In Part Two he presents an overview of modern demographic methods and models. Part Three draws some general conclusions about life in the Roman world based on demographic analysis, including mortality, fertility, marriage, contraception, and abortion.
This book investigates demographic behaviour and population trends in Italy during the emergence of the Roman Empire. It unites literary and epigraphic sources with demographic theory, archaeological surveys, climatic and skeletal evidence, models and comparative data. Also featured is a chapter on climate change in Roman times.
By studying the three hundred census returns that survive on papyri from Roman Egypt, the authors reconstruct the patterns of mortality, marriage, fertility and migration that are likely to have prevailed in Roman Egypt.
This book provides a fresh perspective on the population history of Italy during the late Republic. It employs a range of sources and a multidisciplinary approach to investigate demographic trends and the demographic behaviour of Roman citizens. Dr Hin shows how they adapted to changing economic, climatic and social conditions in a period of intense conquest. Her critical evaluation of the evidence on the demographic toll taken by warfare and rising societal complexity leads her to a revisionist 'middle count' scenario of population development in Italy. In tracing the population history of an ancient conquest society, she provides an accessible pathway into Roman demography which focuses on the three main demographic parameters - mortality, fertility and migration. She unites literary and epigraphic sources with demographic theory, archaeological surveys, climatic and skeletal evidence, models and comparative data. Tables, figures and maps enable readers to visualise the quantitative dynamics at work.
"Noting that privileges granted to the aged generally took the form of exemptions from duties rather than positive benefits, Tim Parkin argues that the elderly were granted no privileged status or guaranteed social role. At the same time, they were permitted - and expected - to continue to participate actively in society for as long as they were able."--BOOK JACKET.
This volume provides the first comprehensive survey of current methods, progress and debates in Roman demography, and offers new insights into key issues of population change and reproductive behaviour in the Roman world from Italy to Egypt.
Through a series of case studies this book demonstrates the wide-ranging impact of demographic dynamics on social, economic and political structures in the Graeco-Roman world. The individual case studies focus on fertility, mortality and migration and the roles they played in various aspects of ancient life. These studies - drawn from a range of populations in Athens and Attica, Rome and Italy, and Graeco-Roman Egypt - illustrate how new insights can be gained by applying demographic methods to familiar themes in ancient history. Methodological issues are addressed in a clear, straightforward manner with no assumption of prior technical knowledge, ensuring that the book is accessible to readers with no training in demography. The book marks an important step forward in ancient historical demography, affirming both the centrality of population studies in ancient history and the contribution that antiquity can make to population history in general.
This innovative study of the patriarchy belies the accepted notion of the father figure as tyrannical and exploitative.