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This book explores the notion of agency in a range of empirical situations in Africa. Agency directs our quest for an understanding of the dynamics and social transformations of African situations to the domains of creativity, inventiveness and reflexivity. It emphasizes the possibilities individuals and social groups perceive when faced with the constraints that tend to mark African social life. The case studies provide an alternative view of people and society in Africa by looking at the ways social strength is created in the hope of overcoming many of the structural limitations encountered in daily life. 'Strength beyond Structure' challenges the optimism that is engrained in the development rhetoric about Africa by making agency the subject of empirical scrutiny.
L’Afrique est marquée par certaines lourdeurs sociologiques. Au point de ne trouver le salut économique que dans l’imitation du modèle occidental comme le suggèrent fortement le Fonds monétaire international et la Banque mondiale en lui imposant des programmes d’ajustement structurel ? Son avenir politique repose-t-il nécessairement sur le multipartisme et le type occidental de démocratie ? Y a-t-il un lien obligatoire entre la transformation économique et la transformation politique ? Ces questions posent le problème de la démocratie et du développement vécus dans des sociétés particulières.
Benin is now perceived of as a model of democracy in Africa because it has successfully established a democratic political system based on consensus and regular and fair elections, and it continues to improve its electoral and parliamentary systems. Since its democracy it has taken important steps towards laying the foundation for the rule of law by establishing stable political institutions that can withstand the test of time. It has also engaged in an important legal, institutional, and regulatory reform to establish a more favorable environment for private initiative. The fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Benin covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 900 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Benin.
This book examines some facets of gender relations in Cameroon symmetry in male-female relationships, womens access to land in traditional society, socialization into gender roles through language textbooks in schools, the association life of women, widowhood and inheritance, social capital and entrepreneurship, husband-wife relations in early German colonial encounters as socially and historically constructed realities from a multidisciplinary perspective, bringing together some social sciences and humanities. The studies point to the fact that these relations are as much rooted in traditions and customs fashioned in several benchmark epochs in African history arming women with formidable social and cultural capitals or making of them victims of social structures over which they have little control as they are constantly evolving in contemporary times and transforming women into agents in their own affairs as well as those of the new societies in the making.