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The Defence White Paper (Cm 6041-I,II, ISBN 0101604122) published in December 2003 discussed the implications of international security issues (such as the threat of international terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction) for strategic defence priorities, and detailed a revised set of 18 military tasks to underpin future policy planning for the UKs armed forces. Following on from this document, this White Paper sets out the Governments five-year plan for force structure and organisational changes to deliver the revised capability requirements, with an emphasis on using technology to secure maximum military effect from the forces available. This is in order to continue the process of modernisation to provide flexible and adaptable armed forces and to achieve efficiency savings of £2.8 billion by 2007-08, as identified in the Governments 2004 Spending Review. Measures include phased reductions of 1,500 in navy and 7,500 in air force manpower, with an expected army manpower level of 102,000 by 2008; with investment in several major technology systems to support the Network Enabled Capability (NEC) programme.
Following on from the Government's defence White Paper ('Delivering Security in a Changing World', Cm 6041-I, ISBN 0101604122, published in December 2003), it published its five-year plan for the restructuring of the UK's armed forces ('Delivering security in a changing world: future capabilities', Cm 6269, ISBN 0101626924) in July 2004, in order to implement the revised capability requirements identified in terms of force structure, equipment and personnel. The emphasis was placed on using technology to secure maximum military effect, in light of the changed security environment after the September 11th terrorist attacks. The Committee's report examines these proposals and the practical decisions arising from the policy analysis, and topics discussed include: revised scales of effort and concurrency assumptions; the financial context; implications of key proposals for the army, navy and air force; network enabled capability (NEC), support and logistics; operations undertaken with US and European allies, and the roles of NATO and the UN. The Committee's findings include that the proposals are based on a narrow vision of future operational requirements, and it will take another decade before the capabilities are in place to deliver those requirements. In the meantime, the equipment withdrawls and personnel reductions being implemented to deliver those requirements risk gaps in capability arising which may lead to unnecessary security risks.
This book analyses UK defence as a complex, interdependent public-private enterprise covering politics, management, society, and technology, as well as the military. Building upon wide-ranging applied research, with extensive access to ministers, policy makers, senior military commanders, and industrialists, the book characterises British defence as a phenomenon that has endured extensive transformation this century. Looking at the subject afresh as a complex, extended enterprise involving politics, alliances, businesses, skills, economics, military practices, and citizens, the authors profoundly reshape our understanding of ‘defence’ and how it is to be commissioned and delivered in a world dominated by geopolitical risks and uncertainties. The book makes the case that this new understanding of defence must inevitably lead to new policies and processes to ensure its health and vitality. This book will be of much interest to students of defence studies, British politics, and military and strategic studies, as well as policy makers and practitioners.
"The difficult and continually evolving operations in Iraq and Afghanistan show the complexities of what is now termed irregular warfare and highlight the need for new approaches to the security challenges with which the United States is now contending and will likely confront in the future. The research reported in this monograph focused on answering a rather straightforward, but thus far largely unanswered, question: What can the U.S. military learn from other militaries about how better to prepare for full-spectrum operations and deployments? To this end, RAND was asked by the OSD for Personnel and Readiness to examine the militaries of China, France, the UK, India, and Israel."--P. xiii.
Britain has been a significant voice in global politics in the last two decades and its impact on world events far outweighs its material resources. But how does a small island on the edge of Europe continue to exercise this level of power on an international scale? What kind of actor is Britain internationally? And what future challenges will confront British foreign policymakers in a multi-polar world of emerging powers? In this comprehensive introduction to British foreign policy today Jamie Gaskarth addresses these and other key questions. Against a rich historical backdrop, he examines the main actors and processes involved in British foreign policy-making as well as the role played by identity in shaping such choices. Later chapters focus on the relationship between economics and foreign policy, what it means to be ethical in this policy sphere, and the justification for and benefits of the UK’s continued use of force to achieve its foreign policy goals. Combining interview research, theoretical insight and analysis of contemporary and historical trends, this book charts how British foreign policy has come to be understood and practised in the 21st Century. It will be an invaluable guide for students of British politics, foreign policy, international relations and related courses.
This book examines the experiences of a range of countries in the conflict in Afghanistan, with particular focus on the demands of operating within a diverse coalition of states. After laying out the challenges of the Afghan conflict in terms of objectives, strategy, and mission, case studies of 15 coalition members—each written by a country expert—discuss each country's motivation for joining the coalition and explore the impact of more than 10 years of combat on each country's military, domestic government, and populace. The book dissects the changes in the coalition over the decade, driven by both external factors—such as the Bonn Conferences of 2001 and 2011, the contiguous Iraq War, and politics and economics at home—and internal factors such as command structures, interoperability, emerging technologies, the surge, the introduction of counterinsurgency doctrine, Green on Blue attacks, escalating civilian casualties, and the impact of the Provincial Reconstruction Teams and NGOs. In their conclusion, the editors review the commonality and uniqueness evident in the country cases, lay out the lessons learned by NATO, and assess the potential for their application in future alliance warfare in the new global order.
The only way to avoid dodgy dossiers and dubious foreign adventures is to acknowledge that the post-Cold War world is a far safer place than neoconservative rhetoricians would have us believe. The Ministry of Defence should reclaim its pre-Orwellian meaning and the armed forces should be scaled back accordingly.
Britain now faces fundamental choices in organising its armed forces and military strategy - more so than at any time since the 1930s. This vital new book prepares the ground for a major government review of UK defence and security policy, analysing every important facet the review will face: from the spending constraints created by the financial crisis, to the decisions the country has to take on matters of war, peace and terrorism. The analysis covers the military equipment Britain should procure; the industrial implications of defence procurement decisions; the relationship with allies and partners; the intelligence sources; and, not least, the moral and ethical dimensions of modern security policy in a globalised but disordered world. Written by the foremost independent security and defence experts in the field, this book is the result of RUSI's Future Defence Review research initiative. 'A Question of Security' sets the core agenda for all wishing to understand the defence and security problems Britain now faces, and also for those in government and parliament who have to answer these difficult questions at a generational moment for UK defence policy.