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Defining organs at risk is a crucial task for radiation oncologists when aiming to optimize the benefit of radiation therapy, with delivery of the maximum dose to the tumor volume while sparing healthy tissues. This book will prove an invaluable guide to the delineation of organs at risk of toxicity in patients undergoing radiotherapy. The first and second sections address the anatomy of organs at risk, discuss the pathophysiology of radiation-induced damage, and present dose constraints and methods for target volume delineation. The third section is devoted to the radiological anatomy of organs at risk as seen on typical radiotherapy planning CT scans, with a view to assisting the radiation oncologist to recognize and delineate these organs for each anatomical region – head and neck, mediastinum, abdomen, and pelvis. The book is intended both for young radiation oncologists still in training and for their senior colleagues wishing to reduce intra-institutional variations in practice and thereby to standardize the definition of clinical target volumes. ​
Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is being rapidly introduced into the clinical management of early breast cancer. APBI, in fact, encompasses a number of different techniques and approaches that include brachytherapy, intraoperative, and external beam techniques. There is currently no single source that describes these techniques and their clinical implementation. This text is a concise handbook designed to assist the clinician in the implementation of APBI. This includes a review of the principles that underlie APBI, a practical and detailed description of each technique for APBI, a review of current clinical results of APBI, and a review of the incidence and management of treatment related complications.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of two workshops held at the 19th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2016, in Athens, Greece, in October 2016: the First Workshop on Large-Scale Annotation of Biomedical Data and Expert Label Synthesis, LABELS 2016, and the Second International Workshop on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis, DLMIA 2016. The 28 revised regular papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 52 submissions. The 7 papers selected for LABELS deal with topics from the following fields: crowd-sourcing methods; active learning; transfer learning; semi-supervised learning; and modeling of label uncertainty.The 21 papers selected for DLMIA span a wide range of topics such as image description; medical imaging-based diagnosis; medical signal-based diagnosis; medical image reconstruction and model selection using deep learning techniques; meta-heuristic techniques for fine-tuning parameter in deep learning-based architectures; and applications based on deep learning techniques.
This is a highly practical resource about the specific technical aspects of delivering radiation treatment. Pocket-sized and well organized for ease of use, the book is designed to lead radiation oncology trainees and residents step by step through the basics of radiotherapy planning and delivery for all major malignancies. This second edition retains the valued features of the first edition-comprehensive yet concise, practical, evidence-based-while incorporating recent advances in the field. This includes expanded and updated discussions of SBRT for prostate and GI tumors, intraoperative.
This handbook will enable radiation oncologists to appropriately and confidently select and delineate tumor volumes/fields for conformal radiation therapy, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), in patients with commonly encountered cancers. The orientation of this handbook is entirely practical, in that the focus is on the illustration of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation for each major malignancy. Each chapter provides guidelines and concise knowledge on treatment planning and CTV selection, explains how the anatomy of lymphatic drainage shapes target volume selection, and presents detailed illustrations of delineations, slice by slice, on planning CT images. While the emphasis is on target volume delineation for three-dimensional conformal therapy and IMRT, information is also provided on conventional radiation therapy field setup and planning for certain malignancies for which IMRT is not currently suitable.
This book addresses the day-to-day treatment planning issues that radiation oncologists are likely to encounter during the treatment of breast cancer patients and provides numerous practical “tips” that will assist in navigation of the treatment planning process, from delineation of the tumor boundaries to discrimination of adjacent normal tissues and critical structures at risk of radiation injury. Differences in target delineation and treatment planning according to technique are emphasized, with coverage of conventional radiation therapy and advanced techniques including cardiac-sparing approaches, e.g., using active breathing control, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton beam therapy, and electron beam therapy post mastectomy. Individual chapters also focus on radiation setup and verification techniques and radiation treatment planning systems. The book, which is part of the Springer series Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology, is designed for hands-on use by radiation oncology residents/fellows in training and practicing radiation oncologists.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.
This textbook is designed to help the busy radiation oncologist to accurately and confidently delineate tumor volumes for conformal radiation therapy (including IMRT). The book provides an atlas of clinical target volumes (CTVs) for commonly encountered cancers, with each chapter illustrating CTV delineation on a slice-by-slice basis, on planning CT images. Common anatomic variants for each tumor are represented in individual illustrations, with annotations highlighting differences in coverage. The anatomy of each site and patterns of lymphatic drainage are discussed, and their influence on the design of CTVs is explained in detail. Utilization of other imaging modalities, including MRI, to delineate volumes is highlighted. Key details of simulation and planning are briefly reviewed. Although the emphasis is on target volume delineation for conformal techniques, information is also provided on conventional radiation field setup and design when IMRT is not suitable.
Accuracy requirements in radiation oncology have been defined in multiple publications; however, these have been based on differing radiation technologies. In the meantime, the uncertainties in radiation dosimetry reference standards have been reduced and more detailed patient outcome data are available. No comprehensive literature on accuracy and uncertainties in radiotherapy has been published so far. The IAEA has therefore developed a new international consensus document on accuracy requirements and uncertainties in radiation therapy, to promote safer and more effective patient treatments. This publication addresses accuracy and uncertainty issues related to the vast majority of radiotherapy departments including both external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. It covers clinical, radiobiological, dosimetric, technical and physical aspects.