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This book focuses on the deliberate introduction and manipulation of defects and impurities in order to engineer desired properties in semiconductor materials and devices. In view of current exciting developments in wide-bandgap semiconductors like GaN for blue light emission, as well as high-speed and high-temperature electronics, dopant and defect issues relevant to these materials are addressed. Also featured are semiconductor nanocavities and nano-structures, with emphasis on the formation and impact of vacancy-type defects. Defect reaction problems pertaining to impurity gettering, precipitation and hydrogen passivation are specific examples of defect engineering that improve the electronic quality of the material. A number of papers also deal with characterization techniques needed to study and to identify defects in materials and device structures. Finally, papers also address issues such as interface control and passivation, application of ion implantation, plasma treatment and rapid thermal processing for creating/activating/suppressing trap levels, and device applications.
Advances in nanoscale materials processing are taking place at a rapid pace via myriad paths, including lithography, production of nanoparticle assemblies, surface manipulation and many others. Several of the techniques create structures that are three-dimensional or quasi three-dimensional. Even smaller structures intended to be two-dimensional have a 'more' three-dimensional geometry as their two-dimensional feature size and layer thickness become similar. The properties of these denser assemblies are driving different applications in electronics (single-electron devices), optics (photonic crystals and switches) and elsewhere. This 2003 book provides a venue for a productive scientific and technical exchange. The result is a compilation of papers which address fundamental studies, technological advances and novel approaches to developing and processing three-dimensional nanoscale assemblies. Topics include: nanofabrication via lithographic techniques; unconventional fabrication methods of nano-structures; physics, chemistry and modeling of nanostructures; fabrication and properties of 1D nanostructures; fabrication and properties of 3D nanostructures; applications of nanostructures and devices.
Defects such as dislocations, antiphase domains and grain boundaries, interstitials/substitutionals, and vacancies affect many physical and mechanical properties of ordered intermetallics. As a result, they often play a decisive role in determining the macroscopic behavior of not just structural intermetallics but also 'functional' intermetallics such as shape memory alloys and hydrogen storage materials. This book follows in the general tradition of the highly successful series of MRS symposia titled High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys. However, it also represents a significant departure from its predecessors: it includes papers on functional intermetallics in addition to papers on structural intermetallics; and focuses on defects and how they affect various properties of interest in structural and functional intermetallics. Roughly 30 percent of the papers in the book are on functional intermetallics, including materials for hydrogen storage, magnetic, and shape memory applications. The remaining papers deal with structural intermetallics, including the still active areas of nickel-, iron-, and titanium-aluminides, as well as the newer materials for ultrahigh-temperature applications.
Challenges facing the implementation of an affordable tunable RF and microwave device technology are discussed in these papers from an April 2002 meeting. Materials issues and devices are examined, with information on new tunable materials, issues of preparation and optimization of bulk and think film properties, material and surface characterization, evaluation of material loss and loss mechanisms, and effects of microstructure. At the device level, phase shifters are discussed and a new device concept for variable true time delay versus phase shift is introduced. At the system level, a paraelectric lens is used to demonstrate electronic beam steering of an antenna. Tidrow is affiliated with the US Army Research Laboratory. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
.".. ALTECH 2003 was Symposium J1 held at the 203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society in Paris, France from April 27 to May 2, 2003 ... Symposium M1, Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials and Devices, was part of the 202nd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society held in Salt Lake City, Utah, from October 21 to 25, 2002 ..."--p. iii.
Recent years have witnessed dramatic success in the development of semiconductor materials and related quantum structures for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Progress has also been made in manufacturable (low cost, high volume) growth and processing of semiconductor materials for such device structures. Novel approaches have been proposed to integrate compound semiconductor devices with conventional silicon processing. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the progress on growth, properties and processing of semiconductor materials and quantum structures, as well to underscore the progress on devices such as transistors, light sources, detectors and modulators. Brought to maturity, these devices will likely see widespread application in infrared imaging, chemical and biological sensing, surveillance, short links, space-based applications, solar cells, high-bandwidth communications, and more. Topics include: electronic devices; Si/Ge devices and technology; zinc oxide and related compounds; emitters, lasers and photovoltaics; nanostructures; innovative materials and devices; detectors; and III-nitride materials and devices.
This book contains the first comprehensive review of intrinsic point defects, impurities and their complexes in silicon. Besides compiling the structures, energetic properties, identified electrical levels and spectroscopic signatures, and the diffusion behaviour from investigations, it gives a comprehensive introduction into the relevant fundamental concepts.
The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.