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The vision of the Defeating meningitis by 2030 global road map is “Towards a world free of meningitis” carried by three visionary goals: i) elimination of bacterial meningitis epidemics, ii) reduction of cases of vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis by 50% and deaths by 70%, and iii) reduction of disability and improvement of quality of life after meningitis. The global road map, developed through iterative multidisciplinary consultations, paves the way to achieve this. It has been approved by the Seventy-Third World Health Assembly in November 2020.
Meningitis is deadly and debilitating; it strikes quickly, has serious health, economic and social consequences, and affects people of all ages in all countries of the world. Defeating Meningitis by 2030 – A Global Road Map sets out a plan to tackle the main causes of acute bacterial meningitis. This innovative initiative addresses meningitis not only as an infectious disease that can often be prevented and treated, but also with the absolute need for support and care for people living with disabling sequelae after an episode of meningitis. To defeat meningitis resources are required at all levels. The financing needs to implement the road map have been calculated and categorized to maximize the effect of every dollar invested. Investing in meningitis, will prevent cases of disease, cases of long-lasting sequelae and save lives. Strong multidisciplinary collaborations allowed the road map design to be one that will generate impact beyond meningitis, particularly by combining efforts with other health initiatives at local, national, regional and global levels. Investments called for in this document will strengthen primary health care systems including diagnosis, treatment and care – acting as a powerful lever for recognizing disability and improving access to support and rehabilitation – and providing benefits far beyond meningitis. All 194 WHO Member States have committed to defeating meningitis by 2030. Now investment is needed to not only reduce the avoidable pain and suffering caused by meningitis but to enable better health outcomes beyond meningitis.
Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections covers common bacterial pathogenic agents, with the most effective methods for their identification and classification in the light of their specific epidemiology. The book will be a valuable resource for molecular typing of infectious diseases agents encountered in both the research and hospital clinical lab settings, as well as culture collections. Each chapter provides an overview of molecular approaches to typing bacterial pathogens. Part I gives a general overview of typing methods used in the traditional microbiology laboratory in comparison to molecular methods of epidemiology. In Part II, the relative strengths and weaknesses of the different methods applicable to the specific agents of infectious diseases are emphasized. Specific emphasis is placed on recent changes and updates in molecular typing.
This timely collection of expert papers draws attention to the global burden of meningitis and the challenges faced by the WHO’s roadmap to defeat meningitis by 2030. The three main goals of the meningitis roadmap are to eliminate epidemics of bacterial meningitis, reduce cases and deaths from vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis, and reduce disability and improve quality of life after meningitis of any cause. This book includes a wide range of original research and reviews on epidemiology and vaccination of bacterial meningitis that have direct relevance to advancing the goals of the roadmap.
Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Tuberculosis, Module 4: Treatment - Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment includes a comprehensive set of WHO recommendations for the treatment and care of DR-TB. The document includes two new recommendations, one on the composition of shorter regimens and one on the use of the BPaL regimen (i.e. bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). In addition, the consolidated guidelines include existing recommendations on treatment regimens for isoniazid-resistant TB and MDR/RR-TB, including longer regimens, culture monitoring of patients on treatment, the timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in MDR/RR-TB patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the use of surgery for patients receiving MDR-TB treatment, and optimal models of patient support and care. The guidelines are to be used primarily in national TB programmes, or their equivalents in Ministries of Health, and for other policy-makers and technical organizations working on TB and infectious diseases in public and private sectors and in the community.