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Forbes reports that the richest 1 percent of the world’s population owns nearly half the world’s wealth, and the gap between the richest and poorest of the world only continues to increase. Deep Inequality looks behind these stark statistics to understand not only wealth inequality but also rising disparities in other elements of life—from education to the media. The authors argue that inequality has become so pervasive that it is the new normal. When we do recognize troubling inequality, we look at individual or small-scale problems without understanding the broader structural issues that shape the economy, the global political system, and more. Only by understanding the structural forces at play can we recognize the deep divisions in our society and work for meaningful change. Deep Inequality explains the changing landscape of inequality to help readers see society in a new way.
"Field-defining research that will set the standard for understanding inequality in archaeological contexts"--Provided by publisher.
This “sobering tale of the real consequences of gender bias” explores how Britain lost its early dominance in computing by systematically discriminating against its most qualified workers: women (Harvard Magazine) In 1944, Britain led the world in electronic computing. By 1974, the British computer industry was all but extinct. What happened in the intervening thirty years holds lessons for all postindustrial superpowers. As Britain struggled to use technology to retain its global power, the nation’s inability to manage its technical labor force hobbled its transition into the information age. In Programmed Inequality, Mar Hicks explores the story of labor feminization and gendered technocracy that undercut British efforts to computerize. That failure sprang from the government’s systematic neglect of its largest trained technical workforce simply because they were women. Women were a hidden engine of growth in high technology from World War II to the 1960s. As computing experienced a gender flip, becoming male-identified in the 1960s and 1970s, labor problems grew into structural ones and gender discrimination caused the nation’s largest computer user—the civil service and sprawling public sector—to make decisions that were disastrous for the British computer industry and the nation as a whole. Drawing on recently opened government files, personal interviews, and the archives of major British computer companies, Programmed Inequality takes aim at the fiction of technological meritocracy. Hicks explains why, even today, possessing technical skill is not enough to ensure that women will rise to the top in science and technology fields. Programmed Inequality shows how the disappearance of women from the field had grave macroeconomic consequences for Britain, and why the United States risks repeating those errors in the twenty-first century.
Exploring representative paired and unequal categories, such as male/female, black/white, and citizen/non-citizen, Tilly argues that the basic causes of these and similar inequalities greatly resemble one another.
CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title, 2022 How rural areas have become uneven proving grounds for the American Dream. Late-stage capitalism is trying to remake rural America in its own image, and the resistance is telling. Small-town economies that have traditionally been based on logging, mining, farming, and ranching now increasingly rely on tourism, second-home ownership, and retirement migration. In Dividing Paradise, Jennifer Sherman tells the story of Paradise Valley, Washington, a rural community where amenity-driven economic growth has resulted in a new social landscape of inequality and privilege, with deep fault lines between old-timers and newcomers. In this complicated cultural reality, "class blindness" allows privileged newcomers to ignore or justify their impact on these towns, papering over the sentiments of anger, loss, and disempowerment of longtime locals. Based on in-depth interviews with individuals on both sides of the divide, this book explores the causes and repercussions of the stark inequity that has become commonplace across the United States. It exposes the mechanisms by which inequality flourishes and by which Americans have come to believe that disparity is acceptable and deserved. Sherman, who is known for her work on rural America, presents here a powerful case study of the ever-growing tensions between those who can and those who cannot achieve their visions of the American dream.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
In the pressing times of global economic transformation, "The Economics of Inequality: A Call to Action for Politicians" stands as a crucial analysis of the widening economic disparities and its deep-seated roots. This compelling work delves deep into the structures and systems that perpetuate economic disparity, meticulously presenting data and insights from across the globe. Beginning with an examination of the current global wealth distribution, the book chronicles the historical trajectory of economic systems, pinpointing moments where policy decisions bolstered or battled the forces of inequality. It demystifies complex financial instruments and strategies that often serve to concentrate wealth, making these topics accessible and understandable to a broad audience. Beyond mere diagnosis, the book poses provocative questions about the moral implications of vast economic divides and explores the tangible impacts on societal well-being, health outcomes, political stability, and even environmental sustainability. Each chapter presents a facet of economic inequality, from wage stagnation in mature economies to the impact of unchecked corporate power in the developing world. However, it's not all about critique. The latter sections of the book are dedicated to solutions, offering a roadmap for politicians and policymakers. Drawing from successful case studies, the text lays out actionable strategies and innovative policy interventions that have proven effective in leveling the playing field. Topics such as progressive taxation, universal basic income, and equitable education systems are discussed in-depth, offering a holistic approach to combatting inequality. Integral to the narrative is the book's urgent appeal to politicians. It underscores the essential role of governance in shaping equitable economic landscapes and urges those in power to prioritize the well-being of all citizens over short-term gains or vested interests. Thought-provoking and impeccably researched, "The Economics of Inequality: A Call to Action for Politicians" is more than just an academic exploration; it's a passionate plea for a fairer world, emphasizing the profound positive change that political will can bring about in the face of staggering economic disparities.
Less income inequality portends less poverty and a healthier population which provides benefits to the US. Greater income inequality provides the wealthy with greater influence on the political process and over those less well-off. Greater income inequality also provides the young wealthy with a better chance to succeed than their poorer counterparts.In "U.S. Inequality & Economic Growth, A Call for a Deeper Dive" Michael analyzes the relationship between income inequality and economic growth. U.S. GDP is the indicator for U.S. economic growth while the Gini coefficient is the inequality metric. Data spans the period 1944 to 2016 and the major finding is the following: as income inequality gets more unequal, the rate of economic growth slows.
Poverty and Power suggests that today's poverty results from deep-rooted disparities in income, wealth, and power. The rate and severity of poverty remain high, because millions of Americans are trapped in low-wage jobs, inadequately served by government policy, excluded from mainstream policy debates, and victimized by discrimination and social exclusion.
A groundbreaking investigation of how inequality infects our minds and gets under our skin Why are people more relaxed and at ease with each other in some countries than others? Why do we worry so much about what others think of us and often feel social life is a stressful performance? Why is mental illness three times as common in the USA as in Germany? Why is the American dream more of a reality in Denmark than the USA? What makes child well-being so much worse in some countries than others? As The Inner Level demonstrates, the answer to all these is inequality. In The Spirit Level Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett put inequality at the center of public debate by showing conclusively that less equal societies fare worse than more equal ones across everything from education to life expectancy. The Inner Level now explains how inequality affects us individually, altering how we think, feel and behave. It sets out the overwhelming evidence that material inequities have powerful psychological effects: when the gap between rich and poor increases, so does the tendency to define and value ourselves and others in terms of superiority and inferiority. A deep well of data and analysis is drawn upon to empirically show, for example, that low social status leads to elevated levels of stress hormones, and how rates of anxiety, depression and addictions are intimately related to the inequality which makes that status paramount. Wilkinson and Pickett describe how these responses to hierarchies evolved, and why the impacts of inequality on us are so severe. In doing so, they challenge the conception that humans are inescapably competitive and self-interested. They undermine, too, the idea that inequality is the product of "natural" differences in individual ability. This book draws together many of the most urgent problems facing societies today, but it is not just an index of our ills. It demonstrates that societies based on fundamental equalities, sharing and reciprocity generate much higher levels of well-being, and lays out the path towards them.