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La Découverte de l’île Frivole (1751) se présente comme un épisode inédit du Voyage autour du monde de l’amiral anglais George Anson et de son équipage. Le texte décrit leurs aventures sur une île étrange, dont les habitants, nommés Frivolites, sont tout entiers occupés de modes, de coiffures, de romans et de desserts historiés. Cette parodie chatoyante présente un tableau sévère mais enjoué de la France des premières années du siècle de Louis XV. Elle résonne avec les pages les plus critiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau contre le luxe et la mollesse du siècle, ou celles, ironiques, que Voltaire fit paraître contre ses compatriotes. Elle n’épargne pas non plus les Anglais, alors que l’anglomanie bat son plein. Ce volume constitue la première édition critique bilingue d’un texte qui a fait en son temps beaucoup de bruit, tant en France qu’en Angleterre. La Découverte de l’île Frivole (1751) is presented as a supplement to George Anson’s Voyage Round the World, and recounts the adventures of the English admiral and his crew on a strange island whose inhabitants, the Frivolians, are devoted to fashion, hairstyles, novels, and fancy desserts. This tale is at once both playful and cynical and its biting irony spares neither the reputation of France nor that of England. It resonates with the most critical attacks by Jean-Jacques Rousseau against luxury and refinement, or those of Voltaire against his compatriots. This volume provides the first bilingual critical edition of a text that, in its time, caused a stir both in France and in England.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1869.
This book investigates, through the problem of the earth's shape, part of the development of post-Newtonian mechanics by the Parisian scientific community during the first half of the eighteenth century. In the Principia Newton first raised the question of the earth's shape. John Greenberg shows how continental scholars outside France influenced efforts in Paris to solve the problem, and he also demonstrates that Parisian scholars, including Bouguer and Fontaine, did work that Alexis-Claude Clairaut used in developing his mature theory of the earth's shape. The evolution of Parisian mechanics proved not to be the replacement of a Cartesian paradigm by a Newtonian one, a replacement that might be expected from Thomas Kuhn's formulations about scientific revolutions, but a complex process instead involving many areas of research and contributions of different kinds from the entire scientific world. Greenberg both explores the myriad of technical problems that underlie the historical development of part of post-Newtonian mechanics, which have only been rarely analyzed by Western scholars, and embeds his technical discussion in a framework that involves social and institutional history politics, and biography. Instead of focusing exclusively on the historiographical problem, Greenberg shows as well that international scientific communication was as much a vital part of the scientific progress of individual nations during the first half of the eighteenth century as it is today.