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On decentralization in government and development of the upazila system.
Bangladesh is known for its political unrest, corruption, poverty, malnutrition, low per capita income, high population growth rate, unemployment and underdevelopment still after four decades of self rule and experimentations with a variety of development policies and a series of five year plans. Bangladesh has a long history of decentralization and people's participation. Since, the independence of Bangladesh all of the governments took reformatory initiatives for administrative decentralization and ensuring people's participation but an effective participation system has not been institutionalized till today. It is widely argued that decentralization ensures people's participation, promotes political education and training, equal and efficient distribution of resources, trustworthy relationship among various actors of central and local governance and enhances responsiveness of the central government for citizen's demands and priorities. It has been widely accepted that poor decentralization system and week people's participation have constituted significant constraints on administrative, economic and political development since the independence of Bangladesh.
This book explores the impact of Bangladesh's Local Government Act of 2009 on the functioning of the local governments or Union Parishads (UP), with a particular emphasis on people’s participation and accountability. Throughout the chapters, the authors review the existing legal framework of UP and its relation to social accountability, examine how much of the social participation is spontaneous and how much is politically induced, question the success of the Citizen's Charter and Right to Information acts as mechanisms for social accountability, and present suggestions to remedy some of the problems facing people's participation and accountability in the UP. This book fills existing gaps in the discourse by adding new information to the literature on development research and legal reforms in Bangladesh, specifically in how those legal reforms have led to strengthening or weakening people's participation in local government. The target audience for this book are students and researchers in Asian studies , international development studies, and public administration, as well as practitioners working in the local governments discussed.
This book is an in-depth empirical study of four Asian and African attempts to create democratic, decentralised local governments in the late 1980s and 1990s. The case studies of Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Karnataka (India) and Bangladesh focus upon the enhancement of participation; accountability between people, politicians and bureaucrats; and, most importantly, on whether governmental performance actually improved in comparison with previous forms of administration. The book is systematically comparative, and based upon extensive popular surveys and local field work. It makes an important contribution to current debates in the development literature on whether 'good governance' and decentralisation can provide more responsive and effective services for the mass of the population - the poor and disadvantaged who live in the rural areas.
Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Development Politics, grade: A, London Metropolitan University, language: English, abstract: The objective of the essay is to (1) examine the concept of decentralization, (2) the varying degrees of decentralization from de-concentration, devolution, deregulation and (3) the benefits and disadvantages of the process for a developing country like Bangladesh, (4) the discussion focuses on evidence from several case studies with particular reference to the Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB) and how and why decentralization was implemented and how successful the process has been for the organization in its objective to reduce poverty.
Upazila Parishad (Sub-district Council) has been reintroduced as a rural local government body by the government of Bangladesh again in the year 2009. According to the enabling acts it i) has some mechanisms to increase efficiency, transparency and accountability of the service providers; ii) has its scope of a series of regular programs and projects aimed at poverty reduction; and iii) has its legal provisions to provide scope for peoples' participation in the government funded development programs and projects. Popular theories of decentralization have positive assumptions regarding these and most of the current studies show almost similar type of positive results. This is a firsthand assessment of the performance of the Sub-district Council in Bangladesh. Although the fieldwork of the study was carried out in a specific sub-district in Bangladesh, it is representative for generalization over the country. Based on the solid findings the author claimed that the Sub-district Council in Bangladesh though holding legal status as a decentralized local government body disproved the general positive assumptions prevailing in the most of the literatures and theories of decentralization.
On decentralization in government and development of the upazila system.