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Essays discuss the advancing field of artificial intelligence and robotics, exploring the current technologies and trends, forecasting possible robot jobs, and describing the ethical aspects and risks involved when creating intelligent robots.
Public Offices, Personal Demands presents a novel perspective on European politics in the seventeenth-century. Its focus lies on the Dutch Republic, that surprising anomaly, often described as a miracle or enigma, admired by many during this age. This collection of essays explores one of the most fundamental questions of seventeenth-century governance: what makes a person capable for office? Contemporary viewpoints are discussed by a range of scholars from different historical disciplines. As this volume shows, debates about capability and office-holding were by no means restricted to political theorists. Scientists, citizens and merchants all discussed these matters in a similar vein. Nor was this heated discussion about who was fit govern a typically Dutch phenomenon. Because of its multifaceted and international approach, this book will appeal to both scholars and students in the fields of cultural and social history, the history of political thought, the history of early modern politics, and the history of science.
The Revolt in the Netherlands erupted in 1566 and tore apart the Low Countries. In Memory Wars in the Low Countries, 1566-1700 Jasper van der Steen explains how public memories of the Revolt in the Habsburg Netherlands in the South and the Dutch Republic in the North diverged and became the objects of fierce contestation in domestic political struggles, on both sides of the border and throughout the seventeenth century. Against widespread assumptions about the supposed modernity of cultural memory Memory Wars argues that early modern public memory did not require the presence of state actors, nationalism and modern mass media in order to play a role of political importance in both North and South.
V. 1. 16 Mar. 1751-16 Dec. 1779 -- v. 2. 20 Mar. 1780-23 Feb. 1781 -- v. 3. 3 Mar.-31 Dec. 1781 -- v. 4. 1 Jan.-31 July 1782 -- v. 5. 1 Aug.-31 Dec. 1782 -- v. 6. 1 Jan.-30 Apr. 1783 -- v. 7. 3 May 1783-20 Feb. 1784 -- v. 8. 10 Mar. 1784-28 Mar. 1786 -- v. 9. 9 Apr. 1786-24 May 1787, with suppl. 1781-1784 -- v. 10. 27 May 1787-3 Mar. 1788 -- v. 11. 7 Mar. 1788-1 Mar. 1789 -- v. 12. 2 Mar. 1789-20 Jan. 1790, with suppl., 24 Oct. 1775-24 Jan. 1789 -- v. 13. 20 Jan. 1790-31 Mar. 1791 -- v. 14. 6 Apr. 1791-16 Mar. 1793 -- v. 15. 24 Mar. 1793-20 Apr. 1795 -- v. 16. 27 Apr. 1795-27 Mar. 1797 -- v. 17. 31 Mar. 1797-3 Mar. 1801, with suppl., 22 Jan. 1778-9 Aug. 1795.
A highly original history, tracing the least understood and most intractable form of organized human aggression from Ancient Rome through the centuries to the present day. We think we know civil war when we see it. Yet ideas of what it is, and what it isn't, have a long and contested history, from its fraught origins in republican Rome to debates in early modern Europe to our present day. Defining the term is acutely political, for ideas about what makes a war "civil" often depend on whether one is a ruler or a rebel, victor or vanquished, sufferer or outsider. Calling a conflict a civil war can shape its outcome by determining whether outside powers choose to get involved or stand aside: from the American Revolution to the war in Iraq, pivotal decisions have depended on such shifts of perspective. The age of civil war in the West may be over, but elsewhere in the last two decades it has exploded--from the Balkans to Rwanda, Burundi, Somalia, and Sri Lanka, and most recently Syria. And the language of civil war has burgeoned as democratic politics has become more violently fought. This book's unique perspective on the roots and dynamics of civil war, and on its shaping force in our conflict-ridden world, will be essential to the ongoing effort to grapple with this seemingly interminable problem.