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Digital Enterprise Technology (DET) is more than a concept. Companies arc facing new challenges in a context where the references are mostly numerical. Nowadays, digital methods and tools arc widely generalized. DET 2008 allowed excellent exchanges about "the collection of systems and methods for the digital modelling and analysis of the global product development and realisation process, in the context of lifecycle management". This book of proceedings gives a short vices of the keynotes and proposes the text of the papers that have been presented during DET 2008. This gives a clear view of the actual state of the art and of the industrial needs. This book of proceedings is organized with respect to the topics that were addressed during the conference.
Conceptual modeling is about describing the semantics of software applications at a high level of abstraction in terms of structure, behavior, and user interaction. Embley and Thalheim start with a manifesto stating that the dream of developing information systems strictly by conceptual modeling – as expressed in the phrase “the model is the code” – is becoming reality. The subsequent contributions written by leading researchers in the field support the manifesto's assertions, showing not only how to abstractly model complex information systems but also how to formalize abstract specifications in ways that let developers complete programming tasks within the conceptual model itself. They are grouped into sections on programming with conceptual models, structure modeling, process modeling, user interface modeling, and special challenge areas such as conceptual geometric modeling, information integration, and biological conceptual modeling. The Handbook of Conceptual Modeling collects in a single volume many of the best conceptual-modeling ideas, techniques, and practices as well as the challenges that drive research in the field. Thus it is much more than a traditional handbook for advanced professionals, as it also provides both a firm foundation for the field of conceptual modeling, and points researchers and graduate students towards interesting challenges and paths for how to contribute to this fundamental field of computer science.
L'intégration des expertises métiers constitue un enjeu primordial des nouvelles générations des systèmes de gestion globale du cycle de vie du produit. La maîtrise d'ouvrage de telles intégrations est rendue difficile par la complexité de la gestion de la connaissance proportionnelle à celle croissante du produit, la diversité des acteurs de tels projets et le manque de retour au cours ou à l'issue de déploiements de tels projets passés et présents. Ces travaux de thèse ont été menés en parallèle d'un cas d'étude sur le projet USIQUICK, visant à l'automatisation de la génération de gamme d'usinage. Cette expérience a également été confrontée à des projets dans d'autres secteurs de l'industrie ou des services. La contribution de cette thèse propose un ensemble d'outils conceptuels utilisables en préparation ou au cours d'un projet d'intégration d'expertise. En phase amont cet ensemble d'outils peut être utilisé pour consolider les expériences précédentes et constituer des grilles d'analyses pour la prise de décision des méthodologies à déployer. Au cours du projet, cette base méthodologique d'outils donne à la maîtrise d'ouvrage des critères d'analyse pour évaluer la dynamique de projet. Elle permet de faire émerger les problèmes liés à la modélisation de l'expertise, de préparer les phases de programmation et de faire ressortir dans ces deux cas des lieux de représentations propices à l'émergence d'indicateurs de performance relatifs à la spécificité du projet étudié. L'apport méthodologique pour la maîtrise d'ouvrage est constitué de la proposition et de l'analyse des quatre " piliers " de ressources à la modélisation et à l'intégration d'expertise (réseaux de concepts, listes de spécifications, corpus de document, outils de gestion). Ces piliers permettent de justifier une série de phases décrivant les enjeux de la modélisation (phases d'identification, d'extraction, de structuration et de formalisation) et de l'intégration (phases de raffinement, de spécification des développements, de diffusion et de maintenance). Grâce à une analyse des niveaux de maturité de la gestion initiale et attendue de l'expertise, ces " piliers " et ces phases permettent de cadrer le contexte d'un retour d'expérience ou d'un projet à déployer. En parallèle, trois couples de concepts, syntaxe / sémantique, infrastructure / architecture, domaine / projet, permettent un questionnement pour identifier les zones potentielles de problèmes dans les représentations et envisager des axes de résolution. Il est ainsi permis de contribuer au rapprochement du systématisme épistémologique de la gestion des connaissances avec la pratique empirique et pragmatique contenue dans les savoirs. La consolidation des liens entre ces aspects de l'expertise permet un pilotage de projet par des éléments réels de connaissances et d'expertise.
This textbook presents the core of recent advances in design theory and its implications for design methods and design organization. Providing a unified perspective on different design methods and approaches, from the most classic (systematic design) to the most advanced (C-K theory), it offers a unique and integrated presentation of traditional and contemporary theories in the field. Examining the principles of each theory, this guide utilizes numerous real life industrial applications, with clear links to engineering design, industrial design, management, economics, psychology and creativity. Containing a section of exams with detailed answers, it is useful for courses in design theory, engineering design and advanced innovation management. "Students and professors, practitioners and researchers in diverse disciplines, interested in design, will find in this book a rich and vital source for studying fundamental design methods and tools as well as the most advanced design theories that work in practice". Professor Yoram Reich, Tel Aviv University, Editor-in-Chief, Research In Engineering Design. "Twenty years of research in design theory and engineering have shown that training in creative design is indeed possible and offers remarkably operational methods - this book is indispensable for all leaders and practitioners who wish to strengthen theinnovation capacity of their company." Pascal Daloz, Executive Vice President, Dassault Systèmes
This book offers an authoritative study of election observation in Africa and its relation with democratization processes. Election observation is a hotly debated issue in contemporary international relations and in political science. It is seen by donor- countries and the international community as a means to enhance democratization, but has been controversial with regard to the `mandates' of the observers, the cases of its misappropriation by authoritarian governments and its masking of other donor-country interests. The book addresses fundamental issues of elections and democrat-ization in Africa, evaluation policies and implementation, as well as the historical backgrounds. A range of case studies leads to new interpretations, which challenge previous empiricist accounts of election observation in Africa. Greater attention to historical and cultural context is required than has been present in previous, somewhat prescriptive accounts. An interdisciplinary approach gives fair coverage of the historical, political and cultural issues involved in elections and election observation in Africa. Key examples of the interface between election observation and democratization processes in various important countries in Africa are presented, linking an analysis of policies and practice. The book contributes to topical debates on the dilemmas and challenges of 'good governance' and on the varieties of democracy as a global phenomenon.
Le terme promotion de la santé en Afrique, près de 30 ans après l'adoption de la Charte d'Ottawa, continue d'avoir des connotations complètement hors du sens que lui confère cette charte. Cela n'est pas étonnant quand on sait que la notion de santé dans ce contexte africain équivaut à la lutte contre la maladie à travers les soins de santé dispensés par des professionnels de la santé dans des formations sanitaires et les hôpitaux. L'évolution que connait le continent depuis quelques décennies est de donner un peu plus de place à la communauté à travers les relais communautaires dans une participation communautaire vidée de son contenu, car le pouvoir n'est jamais passé entre les mains des communautés.C'est au vu de tout ceci que le présent ouvrage à sa raison d'être pour expliquer les fondements de l'autonomisation communautaire et de la promotion de la santé avec leur importance pour la région africaine en proie aux mauvais indicateurs de santé comparativement aux autres régions du monde.
According to the report, the conference focused on the main challenges for the sustainable development of small-scale fisheries, including promoting political commitment and tailored strategies, raising awareness, and sharing knowledge.
The linguistic integration of migrants affects every aspect of settling in a new country (employment, health, etc.). The aim of this collection of texts is to propose a number of specific measures member states can take to help adult migrants become acquainted with the language of the host country. The main focus is on organising language courses that meet migrants’ real communication needs. It is not enough for authorities simply to consider the technical aspects of such courses, they should also design and conduct them in accordance with the fundamental values of the Council of Europe. A number of issues concerning the linguistic integration of adult migrants are presented here, beginning with the notion of linguistic integration itself. Family reunion, the nature of citizenship and the function of language tests, among others, are dealt with from the point of view of language and language use. Readers are invited to reflect on the type of language competences that need to be acquired as well as an appropriate use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The collection also sets out approaches and instruments designed to assist in implementing effective policies.