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This new resource provides a coherent, intuitive, and theoretical foundation for the fusion and exploitation of traditional sensor data as well as text-based information. In addition to presenting a detailed discussion of base-level data fusion requirements, a variety of higher level exploitation algorithms are presented that perform fully automated relationship discovery, rank interest level of entities, and support context-sensitive behavior understanding (both static and dynamic context). This book identifies eight canonical fusion forms as well as twenty foundational fusion services to enable formal mapping between models and services. Normalization and representation processes for (hard) sensor data and (soft) semantic data are described as well as methods for combining hard and soft data. Included is a prototype fusion system developed to implement virtually all the presented applications in order to demonstrate the robustness and utility of the design principles presented in this resource. The prototype system presented supports a variety of user workflows and all the applications are fully integrated. There is extensive fusion system output for unclassified scenarios to permit the reader to fully understand all presented design principles. This book also presents context-sensitive fuzzy semantic spatial and temporal reasoning.
This new resource presents the principles and applications in the emerging discipline of Activity-Based Intelligence (ABI). This book will define, clarify, and demystify the tradecraft of ABI by providing concise definitions, clear examples, and thoughtful discussion. Concepts, methods, technologies, and applications of ABI have been developed by and for the intelligence community and in this book you will gain an understanding of ABI principles and be able to apply them to activity based intelligence analysis. The book is intended for intelligence professionals, researchers, intelligence studies, policy makers, government staffers, and industry representatives. This book will help practicing professionals understand ABI and how it can be applied to real-world problems.
A comprehensive discussion of operational requirements for future naval operations with sufficient detail to enable design and development of technical solutions to achieve the advanced information fusion and command and control concepts described. This book provides a unique focus on advanced approaches to Naval ISR and the critical underlying technologies to enable Distributed Maritime Operations (DMO). Also describing the approach of distributed Naval ops and role of ISR applying advanced technologies and addressing future conflict, new U.S. Naval maritime approaches, distributed Maritime Operations (DMO) and the newest U.S. Navy operational concept. This is a great resource for Naval officers in the ISR, Intelligence, Space, ASW, EW and Surface Warfare, disciplines who seek an in-depth understanding of advanced ISR operations and technologies as well as Navy and industry managers and engineers planning and developing advanced naval systems.
Conflict in cyberspace is becoming more prevalent in all public and private sectors and is of concern on many levels. As a result, knowledge of the topic is becoming essential across most disciplines. This book reviews and explains the technologies that underlie offensive and defensive cyber operations, which are practiced by a range of cyber actors including state actors, criminal enterprises, activists, and individuals. It explains the processes and technologies that enable the full spectrum of cyber operations. Readers will learn how to use basic tools for cyber security and pen-testing, and also be able to quantitatively assess cyber risk to systems and environments and discern and categorize malicious activity. The book provides key concepts of information age conflict technical basics/fundamentals needed to understand more specific remedies and activities associated with all aspects of cyber operations. It explains techniques associated with offensive cyber operations, with careful distinctions made between cyber ISR, cyber exploitation, and cyber attack. It explores defensive cyber operations and includes case studies that provide practical information, making this book useful for both novice and advanced information warfare practitioners.
This open access book brings together a range of contributions that seek to explore the ethical issues arising from the overlap between counter-terrorism, ethics, and technologies. Terrorism and our responses pose some of the most significant ethical challenges to states and people. At the same time, we are becoming increasingly aware of the ethical implications of new and emerging technologies. Whether it is the use of remote weapons like drones as part of counter-terrorism strategies, the application of surveillance technologies to monitor and respond to terrorist activities, or counterintelligence agencies use of machine learning to detect suspicious behavior and hacking computers to gain access to encrypted data, technologies play a significant role in modern counter-terrorism. However, each of these technologies carries with them a range of ethical issues and challenges. How we use these technologies and the policies that govern them have broader impact beyond just the identification and response to terrorist activities. As we are seeing with China, the need to respond to domestic terrorism is one of the justifications for their rollout of the “social credit system.” Counter-terrorism technologies can easily succumb to mission creep, where a technology’s exceptional application becomes normalized and rolled out to society more generally. This collection is not just timely but an important contribution to understand the ethics of counter-terrorism and technology and has far wider implications for societies and nations around the world.
This comprehensive resource demonstrates how wireless sensor network (WSN) systems, a key element of the Internet of Things (IoT), are designed and evaluated to solve problems associated with autonomous sensing systems. Functional blocks that form WSN-based systems are described, chapter by chapter, providing the reader with a progressive learning path through all aspects of designing remote sensing capabilities using a WSN-based system. The development and a full description of fundamental performance equations and technological solutions required by these real-time systems are included. This book explores the objectives and goals associated with tactical intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (T-ISR) missions. Readers gain insight into the correlation between fine-grained sensor resolution associated with WSN-based system complexities and the difficult requirements associated with T-ISR missions. The book demonstrates how to wield emergent technologies to arrive at reliable and robust wireless networking for T-ISR and associated tasks using low-cost, low-power persistent sensor nodes. WSN is broken down into constituent subsystems, key components, functional descriptions, and attendant mathematical descriptions. This resource explains how the design of each element can be approached and successfully integrated into a viable and responsive sensor system that is autonomous, adaptable to mission objectives and environments, and deployable worldwide. It also provides examples of what not to do based on lessons learned from past (and current) systems that failed to provide end users with the required information. Chapters are linked together, in order of system assembly (concepts to operation), to provide the reader with a full toolset that can help deliver versatility in design decisions, solutions, and understanding of such systems, end to end.
Technology is a key driver of change in domestic security operations. It creates new capabilities and new opportunities for the collection and analysis of a broad range of data, intelligence and evidence. It is also enabling new and improved methods of detection, surveillance, identification and analysis that directly affect internal security. This creates many advantages, including new tools, new forms of data and new avenues for accessing and understanding information. It also creates fresh challenges, such as ensuring agencies have access to the skills and resources required to utilize technology effectively, with powers to match the pace of operational innovation, able to pre-empt countermeasures where possible. This paper takes a look at this complex landscape, amid the rapid developments brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and considers the UAE’s position in relation to it. Despite the challenges, the UAE is exceptionally well placed to take advantage of technological advances to improve internal security, due to its experience in acquiring advanced systems, its well-developed capacity to leverage cutting-edge technology and leading industry skills, and its culture of innovation. This paper is divided into four main sections that examine key issues within the complex relationship between technology and internal security. The first section examines technological drivers of change. These are the physical and digital technologies that drive significant changes in the security domain. The second section examines opportunities for states to harness technology as an asset in protecting and enhancing internal security. These include the new tools and data that are available to intelligence and law enforcement agencies. The third section considers the challenges for states in implementing technological solutions, including developing the expertise, legal authorities and protective countermeasures required to operate technological security solutions effectively. The final section examines the range of policy implications arising from technological influences on internal security. These include the investment needed to develop the requisite skills and knowledge for states to use technology to their advantage, while also denying those advantages to threat actors. Fortunately, the UAE is well positioned as a security actor in this area, benefiting from recent experience in implementing high-tech solutions to policy challenges, a demonstrable willingness to invest in the future, and a culture of innovation that can be applied to both technology and internal security.
Maritime piracy is the cause of widespread international concern, and the number of pirate attacks has increased substantially in recent years. Many commercial vessels are inherently vulnerable to attack because of their size and relative slowness, and technological improvements have resulted in smaller crews on large vessels, whilst the absence of enforcement agencies in international waters has served only to make pirates more daring. Collaborative human-centric information support systems can significantly improve the ability of every nation to predict and prevent pirate attacks, or to recognize the nature and size of an attack rapidly when prevention fails, and improve the collective response to an emergency. This book presents the papers delivered at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Prediction and Recognition of Piracy Efforts Using Collaborative Human-Centric Information Systems, held in Salamanca, Spain, in September 2011. A significant observation from previous NATO Advanced Study Institutes and Workshops was that domain experts responsible for maritime security were not fully aware of the wide variety of technological solutions available to enhance their support systems, and that although technology experts have a general understanding of the requirements in security systems, they often lacked knowledge concerning the operational constraints affecting those who implement security procedures. This ASI involved both technology and domain experts, as well as students from related fields of study. It offered an opportunity for them to discuss the issues surrounding the prediction, recognition and deterrence of maritime piracy, and will be of interest to all those whose work is related to this internationally important issue.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, IEA/AIE 2022, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, in July 2022. The 67 full papers and 11 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 127 submissions. The IEA/AIE 2022 conference focuses on focuses on applications of applied intelligent systems to solve real-life problems in all areas including business and finance, science, engineering, industry, cyberspace, bioinformatics, automation, robotics, medicine and biomedicine, and human-machine interactions.
The last decade has witnessed a rapid surge of interest in new sensing and monitoring devices for wellbeing and healthcare. One key development in this area is wireless, wearable and implantable in vivo monitoring and intervention. A myriad of platforms are now available from both academic institutions and commercial organisations. They permit the management of patients with both acute and chronic symptoms, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, treatment of epilepsy and other debilitating neurological disorders. Despite extensive developments in sensing technologies, there are significant research issues related to system integration, sensor miniaturisation, low-power sensor interface, wireless telemetry and signal processing. In the 2nd edition of this popular and authoritative reference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN), major topics related to the latest technological developments and potential clinical applications are discussed, with contents covering. Biosensor Design, Interfacing and Nanotechnology Wireless Communication and Network Topologies Communication Protocols and Standards Energy Harvesting and Power Delivery Ultra-low Power Bio-inspired Processing Multi-sensor Fusion and Context Aware Sensing Autonomic Sensing Wearable, Ingestible Sensor Integration and Exemplar Applications System Integration and Wireless Sensor Microsystems The book also provides a comprehensive review of the current wireless sensor development platforms and a step-by-step guide to developing your own BSN applications through the use of the BSN development kit.