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A theoretical study dealing chiefly with matters of definition and clarification of terms and concepts involved in using Darwinian notions to model social phenomena.
The history of policymaking has been dominated by two rival assumptions about markets. Those who have advocated Keynesian-type policies have generally based their arguments on the claim that markets are imperfectly competitive. On the other hand laissez faire advocates have argued the opposite by claiming that in fact free market policies will eliminate "market imperfections" and reinvigorate perfect competition. The goal of this book is to enter into this important debate by raising critical questions about the nature of market competition. Drawing on the insights of the classical political economists, Schumpeter, Hayek, the Oxford Economists’ Research Group (OERG) and others, the authors in this book challenge this perfect versus imperfect competition dichotomy in both theoretical and empirical terms. There are important differences between the theoretical perspectives of several authors in the broad alternative theoretical tradition defined by this book; nevertheless, a unifying theme throughout this volume is that competition is conceptualized as a dynamic disequilibrium process rather than the static equilibrium state of conventional theory. For almost all the others the growth of firm is consistent with a heightened degree of competitiveness, as both Marx and Schumpeter emphasized, and not a lowered one as in the conventional 'monopoly capital' view.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1882.
Der Band diskutiert die Rolle und Wichtigkeit von Verfassungen in modernen Gesellschaften. Aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive wird aufgezeigt, wie sich Verfassungen trotz großer Vielfalt innerhalb der Gesellschaft entwickeln konnten und wie sie dabei helfen, ein gemeinsames Moralsystem zu schaffen. Der Mensch ist die einzige Spezies, die in großen Gemeinschaften leben kann, obwohl ihre Mitglieder genetisch unabhängige Individuen sind. Diese Vielfalt macht die Rolle von Verfassungen besonders komplex. Die Arbeit beleuchtet, wie der Konstitutionalismus zur Etablierung eines einheitlichen Moralsystems beiträgt.
Distinctive in its markedly interdisciplinary approach, this book presents studies dealing with literary, cultural and linguistic history both in Europe and in the US, bringing together scholars from different fields, while highlighting features that are shared among their contributions. It offers new insights into phenomena which have generally been under-investigated, such as the role played by popular culture, music, and the arts in the circulation of information, in the construction of popular taste, and even in scientific popularisation on both sides of the Atlantic. As for the choice to focus on the nineteenth century, this is dictated by the fact that, in those decades, for the first time in history, scientific, technological, and social developments accelerated simultaneously. It is, therefore, important to see how such new knowledge was circulated among an ever-growing audience by means of different genres and text types, bearing in mind that divisions between the literary and non-literary were hardly as sharp as they are today. The book presents contributions by Robert-Louis Abrahamson, Nicholas Brownlees, Bruno Cartosio, Sonia Di Loreto, Aileen Dillane, Marina Dossena, Kirsten Lawson, Angela Locatelli, William H. Mulligan, Jr., Stefano Rosso, and Polina Shvanyukova.