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On 19 February 1942 the Japanese air force bombed Darwin. Whilst this fact is well known, very few people know exactly what happened. Timothy Hall was the first writer to be given acess to all the official reports of the time and as a result he has been able to reveal exactly what happened on that dreadful day – a day which Sir Paul Hasluck (17th Governor-General of Australia) later described as ‘a day of national shame’. The sequence of events in Darwin that day certainly did not reflect the military honour that the War Cabinet wanted people to believe. On the contrary, for what really happened was a combination of chaos, panic and, in many cases, cowardice on an unprecented scale.
Following the devastating raids on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, lightning advances by Japanese forces throughout the Pacific and the Far East, and a desperate battle by the Allied command in the Dutch East Indies, it became evident that an attack on Australia was more a matter of 'when' and not 'if'. On 19 February, just eleven weeks after the attacks on Pearl Harbor and two weeks after the fall of Singapore, the same Japanese battle group that had attacked Hawaii was ordered to attack the ill-prepared and under-defended Australian port of Darwin. Publishing 75 years after this little-known yet devastating attack, this fully illustrated study details what happened on that dramatic day in 1942 with the help of contemporary photographs, maps, and profiles of the commanders and machines involved in the assault.
The first ever attack on Australia by a foreign power occurred at Darwin on 19th February 1942. At the time of the raid, Douglas Lockwood was a correspondent for the Melbourne Herald in Darwin.
The compelling and very human story of the first foreign assault on Australian soil since settlement - the attack on Darwin by the Japanese in February, 1942.
Very few Australians today know of the fierce air battles fought across the Top End of Australia in World War II. For more than two years Japanese aircraft crossed the coast and bombed relentlessly. Savage dogfights were fought between the legendary Zero fighter and Allied Kittyhawks and Spitfires. Big twin-engine Betty bombers rained down blast and fire upon airfields and towns, even penetrating as far inland as Katherine, some 300 kilometres from the coast. Nearly 200 Japanese aircrew died in the onslaught. This book lists all of their names and describes all of the combat missions - and reveals for the first time that the number of combat flights, aircraft shot down, and aircrew who died is far higher than previously thought. Scores of aircraft were downed in combat operations ranging from Exmouth to Townsville, with the majority of action taking place in the Northern Territory. This new extensive research shows the number of air raids was higher than the previously suggested figure of 64, with 78 raids on the Territory alone, while 209 enemy combat flights were carried out across Northern Australia. 187 Japanese airmen died when their aircraft were brought down. In many cases their bodies lie in remote sites across the vast bush and coastal waters of the north. Many of the wrecks have never been found. The Empire Strikes South describes all of the aircraft used, and gives an insight into the world of fighter pilots and aircrew. With a full range of new colur graphics by renowned illustrator Michael Claringbould, this significant new research reveals a battle for Australia that has been previously unknown.
On 19 February 1942 the Japanese air force bombed Darwin. Whilst this fact is well known, very few people know exactly what happened. Timothy Hall was the first writer to be given acess to all the official reports of the time and as a result he has been able to reveal exactly what happened on that dreadful day – a day which Sir Paul Hasluck (17th Governor-General of Australia) later described as ‘a day of national shame’. The sequence of events in Darwin that day certainly did not reflect the military honour that the War Cabinet wanted people to believe. On the contrary, for what really happened was a combination of chaos, panic and, in many cases, cowardice on an unprecented scale.
The Japanese attack on Darwin on 19 February 1942 stunned the nation and has been a topic of much folklore and speculation ever since. Indeed, it was incredible that the powerful Japanese aircraft carriers that decimated the American Pearl Harbor fleet base in December 1941 turned their attention to tiny Darwin just weeks later. Such was the strength and ferocity of the Japanese attack that some 236 people were killed, eight large ships were sunk, 30 aircraft destroyed and parts of Darwin were left in ruins. It was the deadliest single attack ever suffered on Australian soil.However, Darwin was a victim of its own geography, being close to the Netherlands East Indies which the Japanese were then in the process of seizing. Darwin's harbour and airfield were of great strategic value and Allied forces utilising these facilities threatened the Japanese operations. Since 2013 the Bombing of Darwin Day, 19 February, has been commemorated as a National Day of Observance, the third such national date behind Anzac Day and Remembrance Day. Hence the need for educational materials has never been greater. Darwin Bombed! is a fully illustrated guide for school children of all ages.Dr Tom Lewis is a long time Darwin resident and one of Australia's foremost military historians. A high school teacher and former naval officer, he is the author of 14 books.
An account of the Japanese attack on Darwin in 1942, first published in 1966 and reissued in the 'Australian War Classics' series. Also examines the royal commission reports which revealed Darwin's civil and military authorities to have been disastrously unprepared. The author has also written 'I, The Aboriginal' (1962). Includes an index.
In 1942, the air defense of the northern Australian frontier town Darwin was operated by airmen from the United States.That year was very nearly the end of Australia as a country. To those men the present nation owes a debt.A massive Japanese attack on Darwin on 19 February had left the town and its air base in ruins. An understrength squadron of USAAC P-40E Warhawks fought a gallant defense but was all but wiped out.Northern Australia was now at the mercy of Imperial Japanese Navy Betty bombers and Zero fighters whose crews were both skilled and experienced. However, help was on the way. The 49th Fighter Group was the first such group formed in the US to be sent overseas after the start of the Pacific War. Its destination was Darwin.From modest beginnings on make-shift airstrips, the 49th FG entered combat with its feared Japanese adversaries. Its P-40E Warhawks were poor interceptors but were rugged, reliable and well-armed. Unable to dogfight the highly manoeuvrable Zeros, the American pilots resorted to dive and zoom tactics more suited to their heavier fighters.Over several months the 49th FG pilots fought a brave and innovative campaign against a stronger enemy that did much to safeguard Australia in its darkest hour. Today lonely and long forgotten airfields still bear the name of American pilots who made the ultimate sacrifice.This is their story.
When the Pacific war began it was a case of "when not if" Darwin would be attacked. But nobody could have predicted the extraordinary scale and ferocity of the 19 February 1942 raid. A massive strike force, blooded at Pearl Harbor just weeks before, hit Darwin in the biggest Japanese air attack ever in the South Pacific. Since then, generations of Australians have been drawn to the stories and folklore of the Darwin action. But facts have blurred and mythology has thrived. What of the warning that never happened? What of the ghost ship actually sunk in the Atlantic a year earlier? Did a fighter pilot contrive a false combat record? Did the authorities cover up the raid? Why do Australians know so little about it? This is the book that tests these many Darwin myths and reveals new information: another ship sunk; the actual intent and nature of the attack; the precise extent of the Japanese losses. The Darwin raid is usually portrayed as a wholesale disaster for the Allies, and a day full of military ineptitude. Carrier Attack shows the defenders were alert and fought with purpose. Arguably it was the Japanese that wasted much of their attacking strength, and in this way the Darwin defenders avoided a much larger catastrophe. Carrier Attack provides a timely and fresh analysis of the raid. Most importantly, it draws on specially translated Japanese sources. About the AuthorsDr Tom Lewis OAM is the award-winning author of 11 books. A long time resident of Darwin, he is the current Director of the Darwin Military Museum. In 2012 he was a major participant in the 70th anniversary of the Darwin raid, which included a multi-million dollar re-development of the Museum. Tom is a former naval of cer whoseservice included a combat deployment to Baghdad. Peter Ingman is the grandson of an original Gallipoli Anzac who lived in 1930s Darwin. He has been a regular visitor to the Northern Territory since the 1980s when his father worked there as a surgeon. With a background as a business executive, he has a longinterest in Australian military history. Peter currently manages an Adelaide-based publishing company.