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This book has been conceived to provide guidance on the theory and design of cyclone systems. Forthose new to the topic, a cyclone is, in its most basic form, a stationary mechanical device that utilizes centrifugal force to separate solid or liquid particles from a carrier gas. Gas enters near the top via a tangential or vaned inlet, which gives rise to an axially descending spiral of gas and a centrifugal force field that causes the incoming particles to concentrate along, and spiral down, the inner walls of the separator. The thus-segregated particulate phase is allowed to exit out an underflow pipe while the gas phase constricts, and - in most separators - reverses its axial direction of flow and exits out a separate overflow pipe. Cyclones are applied in both heavy and light industrial applications and may be designed as either classifiers or separators. Their applications are as plentiful as they are varied. Examples include their use in the separation or classification of powder coatings, plastic fines, sawdust, wood chips, sand, sintered/powdered meta!, plastic and meta! pellets, rock and mineral cmshings, carbon fines, grain products, pulverized coal, chalk, coal and coal ash, catalyst and petroleum coke fines, mist entrained off of various processing units and liquid components from scmbbing and drilling operations. They have even been applied to separate foam into its component gas and liquid phases in recent years.
The Hydrocyclone reviews data on the theoretical, design, and performance aspects of the liquid cyclone, hydraulic cyclone, or hydrocyclone. The book aims to be a source of reference to those who are in industries employing the use and application of the hydrocyclone. The text covers the historical development of the cyclone; flow pattern and distribution of velocities within the cyclone body; operational characteristics and areas of application in different phase separations; and the operating and design variables affecting the performance of the hydrocyclone. Categories of cyclone; commercially available cyclone equipment; and the specific industrial applications of the hydrocyclone are also surveyed. The text will be of practical use to industrial engineers, mechanical engineers, plant operators, miners, and researchers.
Since the late 1970s there has been an explosion of industrial and academic interest in circulating fluidized beds. In part, the attention has arisen due to the environmental advantages associated with CFB (circulating . fluidized bed) combustion systems, the incorporation of riser reactors employing cir culating fluidized bed technology in petroleum refineries for fluid catalytic cracking and, to a lesser extent, the successes of CFB technology for calcina tion reactions and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In part, it was also the case that too much attention had been devoted to bubbling fluidized beds and it was time to move on to more complex and more advantageous regime,S of operation. Since 1980 a number of CFB processes have been commercialized. There have been five successful International Circulating Fluidized Bed Confer ences beginning in 1985, the most recent taking place in Beijing in May 1996. In addition, we have witnessed a host of other papers on CFB funda mentals and applications in journals and other archival publications. There have also been several review papers and books on specific CFB topics. However, there has been no comprehensive book reviewing the field and attempting to provide an overview of both fundamentals and applications. The purpose of this book is to fill this vacuum.
Alumina Ceramics: Biomedical and Clinical Applications examines the extraordinary material, Alumina, and its use in biomedicine and industry. Sections discuss the fundamentals of Alumina Ceramics, look at the various industrial applications, and examine a variety of medical applications. Readers will find this to be an invaluable and unique resource for researchers, clinical professionals, engineers, and advanced level students. Alumina ceramics are a leading biomaterial used for specialist medical applications, such as bionic implants and tissue engineering, and the only biomaterial commercially viable for use as bearings for orthopedic hip replacements. As such, this book is a timely resource on the topics discussed. - Provides a unique and thorough review of Alumina ceramics - Written by one of the world's leading experts in bioceramics and advanced industrial ceramics, especially alumina - Targeted to researchers in the materials, clinical and dental fields - Enables the non-expert with an overview of the underlying alumina technology, major challenges, major successes and future directions
This book covers topics on engineering science, technology and applications of the classification of particles in liquids suspensions in hydrocyclones. It is divided into 12 chapters starting with the introduction of the hydrocyclone to the mining industry and its several applications of classification, followed by the fundamentals of classification. A special chapter on the fundamentals of sedimentation as the mechanism of the hydrocyclone classification is given. The authors also cover the fundamentals hydrodynamics of solid–fluid interaction with application to the fluids and suspensions flow of in circular pipelines and discusses the flow pattern in hydrocyclones from a fluid dynamics point of view. The physical design, the empirical, phenomenological and numerical hydrocyclone models are presented. The two last chapters deal with the applications of hydrocyclones system design and instrumentation study cases of application in hydrocyclones to the mining industry. Several parts of this book are the result of the work of their research and professional groups from the university and industry.
It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that we introduce this volume which comprises the papers accepted for the 4th International Conference on Hydrocyclones held in Southampton from 23rd to 25th September 1992. As the name implies, this is the fourth Conference in the series, with the previous ones held in Cambridge in 1980, Bath in 1984 and Oxford in 1987. The papers cover a wide span of activities, from fundamental research to advances in industrial practice and, as in the earlier volumes, make a significant contribution of lasting value to the technical literature on hydrocyclones. Hydrocyclones continue to widen their appeal to engineers; besides their traditional role in mineral processing they now attract a lot of attention in chemical engineering, the oil and gas industry, power generation, the food industry, textiles, metal working, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and other industries. The reason for this continuously increasing attention is, as David Parkinson (General Manager of Conoco (UK)) said recently, that" ... a hydrocyclone is an engineering dream, a machine with no moving parts." Yet as this Volume clearly shows, the hydrocyclone can do so many things and do them well, whether the application is in solid-liquid, liquid-liquid or liquid-gas separation.
This long awaited second edition of a popular textbook has a simple and direct approach to the diversity and complexity of food processing. It explains the principles of operations and illustrates them by individual processes. The new edition has been enlarged to include sections on freezing, drying, psychrometry, and a completely new section on mechanical refrigeration. All the units have been converted to SI measure. Each chapter contains unworked examples to help the student gain a grasp of the subject, and although primarily intended for the student food technologist or process engineer, this book will also be useful to technical workers in the food industry
Addresses the key cotton ginning issues concerned with facilities, machinery, cleaning, ginning, drying, packaging, and waste collection and disposal as well as ancillary issues concerned with pollution, management, economics, energy, insurance, safety, cotton classification, and textile machinery. Appendices: duties of gin personnel, portable moisture meters and pink bollworm control in gins. Glossary and index. Photos, charts, tables and graphs.
As people continue to develop coastal areas, society's liability to hurricanes will dramatically increase, regardless of changes in the environment. This book addresses these key issues, providing a detailed examination of