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UK. Monograph on sociological aspects, psychological aspects and cultural factors associated with low incomes among children whose parents have also suffered from disadvantages - undertakes a literature survey of interdisciplinary research on the causes and persistance of disadvantage and the extent to which it is overcome by social mobility, etc. Bibliography pp. 328 to 396.
Reviews US evidence on cycles of disadvantage, or the question of how and to what extent economic and other background disadvantages are passed on to children by their parents. Contents: Paper One: Cycles of disadvantage 1. Introduction 2. Trends in income, income inequality and poverty time trends 3. Childhood poverty: trends and duration trends in child poverty 4. Early arguments about intergenerational poverty and enequality 5. Estimates of intragenerational and intergenerational persistence of economic status based on panel data.
This report examines the nature of cycles of disadvantage and how such cycles may be broken. It explores the internal and external factors that direct a person into or out of a cycle of disadvantage, in order to identify specific areas for action. In this report, cycles of disadvantage may refer to the transmission of disadvantage from one generation to the next, or situations where one source of disadvantage causes another, compounding the effect. The report draws upon submissions with stakeholders as well as in-depth interviews with 56 people from disadvantaged backgrounds. The study found that there are a range of structural and personal factors that interact across the life course to underpin cycles of disadvantage, most significantly the impact of patterns of disadvantage established in childhood and adolescence. After discussing the findings and the implications for government, the report presents recommendations for policy and practice.
This report examines the nature of cycles of disadvantage and how such cycles may be broken. It explores the internal and external factors that direct a person into or out of a cycle of disadvantage, in order to identify specific areas for action. In this report, cycles of disadvantage may refer to the transmission of disadvantage from one generation to the next, or situations where one source of disadvantage causes another, compounding the effect. The report draws upon submissions with stakeholders as well as in-depth interviews with 56 people from disadvantaged backgrounds. The study found that there are a range of structural and personal factors that interact across the life course to underpin cycles of disadvantage, most significantly the impact of patterns of disadvantage established in childhood and adolescence. After discussing the findings and the implications for government, the report presents recommendations for policy and practice.
Scroungers, spongers, parasites ... These are just are some of the terms that are typically used, with increasing frequency, to describe the most vulnerable in our society, whether they be the sick, the disabled, or the unemployed. Long a popular scapegoat for all manner of social ills, under austerity we've seen hostility towards benefit claimants reach new levels of hysteria, with the 'undeserving poor' blamed for everything from crime to even rising levels of child abuse. While the tabloid press has played its role in fuelling this hysteria, the proliferation of social media has added a disturbing new dimension to this process, spreading and reinforcing scare stories, while normalising the perception of poverty as a form of 'deviancy' that runs contrary to the neoliberal agenda. Provocative and illuminating, Scroungers explores and analyses the ways in which the poor are portrayed both in print and online, placing these attitudes in a wider breakdown of social trust and community cohesion.
John Gardner was one of the most prolific, widely read, and influential scholars working in philosophy of law. This book celebrates, explores, and develops themes of his work during his sixteen years as Professor of Jurisprudence at University of Oxford. Written by a team of contributors whose own work has been influenced by Gardner's and with whom he has worked closely, this book engages with many of the concepts, themes, and issues that were central to his philosophical work and outlook. It expands on his arguments, offers original rebuttals to some, and draws connections with parallel and emerging fields that have been influenced by his work. This is the first book-length treatment covering the entire range of his scholarship, and will serve as a handbook of sorts, for those scholars seeking to engage Gardner's work and make connections across the wide range of topics on which he has written. In particular, the volume comprises discussions of duties to try and succeed in relation to Hume's maxim that 'ought implies can'; the role of continuity, conservatism, and corrective justice in private law, the interrelations between wrongdoing, blame, punishment, and the justification of criminal law, justifications, excuses, and responsibility, the distinctiveness of the wrongs of rape and discrimination, as well as general jurisprudence and how it may, or may not, illuminate the questions of normativity and the nature of constitutions. The volume also engages with further concepts and questions addressed through the prism of Gardner's work, include Indigenous rights and law, Equity, corporate responsibility and the possibility of state crimes, and the nature, structure, and phenomenology of virtue. Together, the papers collected in this volume pay homage to the breadth of John Gardner's legal philosophy. The conversations begun, or continued, in this volume will continue to inform the contributors' future work, and thus increase the likelihood that John's body of work will have an ever greater influence on the future of legal philosophy.