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Attempting to define the meaning of culture and the nature of its possible consequences on economic processes and outcomes, this book examines alternative theoretical and empirical approaches to the economic analysis of cultural effects in the labour market. Using extensive new data from 14 countries, this book presents tangible evidence of substantial cross-cultural differences in beliefs about wage inequality.
Winner of the 2020 PROSE Award for Multivolume Reference/Humanities Changes in production and consumption fundamentally transformed the culture of work in the industrial world during the century after World War I. In the aftermath of the war, the drive to create new markets and rationalize work management engaged new strategies of advertising and scientific management, deploying new workforces increasingly tied to consumption rather than production. These changes affected both the culture of the workplace and the home, as the gendered family economy of the modern worker struggled with the vagaries of a changing gendered labour market and the inequalities that accompanied them. This volume draws on illustrative cases to highlight the uneven development of the modern culture of work over the course of the long 20th century. A Cultural History of Work in the Modern Age presents an overview of the period with essays on economies, representations of work, workplaces, work cultures, technology, mobility, society, politics and leisure.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich VWL - Arbeitsmarktökonomik, Note: 2,0, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This research paper deals with the current situation on the labour market. Furthermore it will show how corporate culture is designed nowadays to meet the demands of employees. To get a first impression the first chapter will introduce the topic. Further the goal and the construction of the research paper are clarified in that chapter. The second chapter will give an overview about the current situation on the labour market. The goal is to explain the topic in detail and reflect factors that have changed. Few of the many are the lack of specialists, the demographic change and the change of values. Chapter three will illustrate the corporate culture starting with its defintion. Afterwards different parts of corporate culture will be examined and described such as how a company can create a workspace and work atmosphere that will attract employees. This includes flexible work time models, diversity management, culture of learning and team work. The research paper ends with chapter four which sums up the most important findings of this document. The economy is booming, the unemployment rate is lower than ever before, we are becoming more mobile, the labour markets are more transparent and more global, the values are shifting and the demographic change can no longer be averted. At the same time products are becoming more interchangeable and people with special abilities and creative ideas are becoming an increasingly important sucess factor. The economy is in transition. But where does this change lead to? All these factors cause that companies are struggling to find employees and need to change their corportate culture. Especially for skilled employees and executives the competition is becoming more and more important and tougher. The balance of the power in the labour market has changed. While companies could choose their employees in the past, employees can now choose which company they want to work for. Companies must adapt to these new conditions and present themselves as an attractive employer. To achieve this, small measures such as employee benefits are no longer sufficient, but the entire corporate culture must be questioned and reorientated.
This refreshing volume introduces a theory for explaining cross-national differences in the social practice of women (and men) in the areas of family and employment. This provides a theoretical framework for the ensuing comprehensive cross-national analysis of the degree and forms of labour market integration of women in three European countries - Finland, West Germany and the Netherlands - from the 1950s until 2000. Cross-national differences are explained with a focus on cultural change and the development of welfare state, labour markets, the family and social movements. It is evident that change took place along different development paths that were based on deep-rooted historical differences in the cultural ideals of the family. Such historical differences and their explanations also form part of the analysis. The results of this survey contribute to the further development of cross-national sociology on social change, social and gender inequality, welfare state, labour markets and family structures.
In recent years, cultural work has engaged the interest of scholars from a broad range of social science and humanities disciplines. The debate in this ‘turn to cultural work’ has largely been based around evaluating its advantages and disadvantages: its freedoms and its constraints, its informal but precarious nature, the inequalities within its global workforce, and the blurring of work–life boundaries leading to ‘self-exploitation’. While academic critics have persuasively challenged more optimistic accounts of ‘converged’ worlds of creative production, the critical debate on cultural work has itself leant heavily towards suggesting a profoundly new confluence of forces and effects. Theorizing Cultural Work instead views cultural work through a specifically historicized and temporal lens, to ask: what novelty can we actually attach to current conditions, and precisely what relation does cultural work have to social precedent? The contributors to this volume also explore current transformations and future(s) of work within the cultural and creative industries as they move into an uncertain future. This book challenges more affirmative and proselytising industry and academic perspectives, and the pervasive cult of novelty that surrounds them, to locate cultural work as an historically and geographically situated process. It will be of interest to students and scholars of sociology, cultural studies, human geography, urban studies and industrial relations, as well as management and business studies, cultural and economic policy and development, government and planning.
Focusing on labour as a cultural phenomenon rather than an economic force, this book offers an assessment of the current situation and an exploration of the policy implications of theoretical conclusions. The authors have also written "Striking Out: Social Work and Trade Unionism, 1970-1985".
Characteristics of cultural sector employment in Europe; recent trends; consequences of change.
Kirsten Sehnbruch uses the case study of Chile to show the failures and inner-working of neo-liberal labour policy. She shows in detail what the real policy issue should be, namely the creation of proper institutions and of a corps of competent professionals with relevant skills and powers to operate them.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Sociology - Relationships and Family, grade: 1,3, University of Bamberg, course: Educational Systems and Labour Markets in Europe, language: English, abstract: This study analizes Labour market participation and related cultural components in three countries. In Germany a male breadwinner model is found. Men’s activity rate is much higher than the one of women. Reservations have to be made when speaking about a female part-time carer. The percentage of women working part-time is less than the half of women working full-time and women doing housework are even more than women working part-time. There is also some conflict towards the Dutch dual breadwinner/ dual carer model. The rate of women working part-time is in fact the highest in the Netherlands and also the percentage of men working part-time is higher than for Germany or even Finland, still there is no equal participation in the labour market and therefore no dual breadwinner model, at most a tendency towards. Lastly, Finland’s women are by far most integrated into the labour market when speaking of full-time employment, but speaking of full and equal integration of both sexes and therefore a dual breadwinner model is exaggerated. As regards attitudes, the total explained variance and homogeneity of factor gives some indication that there is convergence of attitudes which seems to increase when more “liberal” countries, younger respondents and women are concerned. A factor analysis showed that the importance of traditional family design is highest in Germany and least in the Netherlands, whereas affirmation of equal division of labour between the genders was highest in the Netherlands and lowest in Germany. Altogether, the analysis of attitudes (and the employment status) does with some reservations confirm the findings of Pfau-Effinger.
There have been dramatic shifts in the behaviour of labour markets and the conduct of industrial relations in the last century. This volume explores these changes in the context of four very different societies: Germany, Sweden, Britain and Japan. However, despite their manifest differences, the author demonstrates that for long periods their labour markets were similar in many crucial respects. The book discusses: * the failure of neo-corporatism in Britain in the 1970's and the subsequent rise of Thatcherism; * the rise of Japan as a model for orderly industrial relations in the 1970's * the collapse of the German and the success of the Swedish labour markets in the 1930's.