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The purpose of this project is to develop methods to encourage earlier detection of breast cancer in rural African Americans. Our focus is on cultural and psychosocial beliefs that contribute to patient delay in seeking treatment for the symptoms of breast cancer. For the intervention phase, educational programs featuring a documentary video, public service announcements, and culturally sensitive brochures have been presented to over 2100 people in Pitt County. The final phase of the project involved post intervention surveys of women in both Pitt and Wilson Counties. Over 1400 surveys were completed and data analysis is currently underway.
Key words: Breast cancer; African American; women; health disparities; mammogram; mammography; evidence-based project; educational intervention; culturally appropriate; community health; church; disparities; spirituality; knowledge deficit; mortality
Because social support has been shown to have value in decreasing morbidity and possibility in increasing length of survival in cancer patients, the objectives of the study are: 1) to utilize a network of oncology services, churches, and community organizations to recruit African American women diagnosed with breast cancer for project participation; 2) to implement the spiritual-based intervention; 3) to assess the efficacy of the intervention to positively impact treatment-related outcomes; and 4) to refine the intervention for broader dissemination. The intervention involved an experimental/control group design approach. The experimental support group (intervention group) received the Spiritual-based support intervention. There were two control groups: control group A included participants in a traditional support group model and control group B included individuals who received the standard care consisting of no additional structured support. Data were gathered through a pre-test at baseline (T1), a post test at the conclusion of the 7 month intervention (T2), and at a three-month follow-up at the end of the support group sessions (T3). Findings suggest a positive influence of the spiritual support group on mental well-being, with the impact diminishing over time.
Because social support has been shown to have value in decreasing morbidity and possibly in increasing length of survival in cancer patients, the objective of the study are: 1) to utilize a network of oncology services, churches, and community organizations to recruit African American women diagnosed with breast cancer for project participation; 2) to implement the spiritual-based intervention; 3) to assess the efficacy of the intervention to positively impact treatment-related outcomes; and 4) to refine the intervention for broader dissemination. The intervention involves and experimental/control group design approach. The experimental support group (Intervention group) will receive the Spiritual-based support intervention. There will be two control groups; control group A will include participants in a traditional support group model and control group B will include individuals who receive the standard care consisting of no additional structured support. An Advisory Committee comprised of breast cancer survivors and local clergy will provide guidance to project implementation. Data will be gathered through a pre-test at baseline (TI), a post test at the conclusion of the 7 months intervention (T2), and at a three month follow up at the end of the support group sessions (T3).
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
While many effective interventions have been developed with the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from cancer, they are of no benefit to the health of populations if they cannot be delivered. In response to this challenge, Advancing the Science of Implementation across the Cancer Continuum provides an overview of research that can improve the delivery of evidence-based interventions in cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship. Chapters explore the field of implementation science and its application to practice, a broad synthesis of relevant research and case studies illustrating each cancer-focused topic area, and emerging issues at the intersection of research and practice in cancer. Both comprehensive and accessible, this book is an ideal resource for researchers, clinical and public health practitioners, medical and public health students, and health policymakers.
We know more about cancer prevention, detection, and treatment than ever beforeâ€"yet not all segments of the U.S. population have benefited to the fullest extent possible from these advances. Some ethnic minorities experience more cancer than the majority population, and poor peopleâ€"no matter what their ethnicityâ€"often lack access to adequate cancer care. This book provides an authoritative view of cancer as it is experienced by ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. It offers conclusions and recommendations in these areas: Defining and understanding special populations, and improving the collection of cancer-related data. Setting appropriate priorities for and increasing the effectiveness of specific National Institutes of Health (NIH) research programs, to ensure that special populations are represented in clinical trials. Disseminating research results to health professionals serving these populations, with sensitivity to the issues of cancer survivorship. The book provides background data on the nation's struggle against cancer, activities and expenditures of the NIH, and other relevant topics.
Health-related disparities remain a persistent, serious problem across the nation's more than 60 million rural residents. Rural Populations and Health provides an overview of the critical issues surrounding rural health and offers a strong theoretical and evidence-based rationale for rectifying rural health disparities in the United States. This edited collection includes a comprehensive examination of myriad issues in rural health and rural health care services, as well as a road map for reducing disparities, building capacity and collaboration, and applying prevention research in rural areas. This textbook offers a review of rural health systems in Colorado, Kentucky, Alabama, and Iowa, and features contributions from key leaders in rural public health throughout the United States. Rural Populations and Health examines vital health issues such as: Health assessment Strategies for building rural coalitions Promoting rural adolescent health Rural food disparities Promoting oral health in rural areas Physical activity in rural communities Preventing farm-related injuries Addressing mental health issues Cancer prevention and control in rural communities Reducing rural tobacco use Rural Populations and Health is an important resource for students, faculty, and researchers in public health, preventive medicine, public health nursing, social work, and sociology.