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The relationship between cultural values and economic growth has been the subject of much controversy. A few studies have shown statistical correlations between measurements of national cultural values and previous growth but this is a dubious approach to the question of whether culture is the cause or the result of such growth. This study uses World Values Survey items from 1998 to 1999 and demonstrates that some values form a nation-level cultural dimension which predicts subsequent, and explains previous, economic growth across more than 70 countries. The dimension contrasts the importance of thrift versus the importance of leisure and good human relationships. Its nature is in full accordance with views of development economists who describe modern economic development as, among other things, a function of saving, investment, and hard work.
It is a wide-spread belief that the cultural background inhered in a society affects the requirements of economic development. This relationship requires theoretical and empirical justification. The present book provides this together with an analysis of the development of cultural background itself. Cultural background is embodied in political institutions, in transactions, knowledge, incentives, in social capital, even in the tangibles of the economy. Thus, economic development is shaped and the rate of growth is affected. Conversely, economic development affects cultural background. When this interaction takes place at a non-developmental cultural background level, which is associated with low growth rates, then a growth trap is formed. Within such a growth trap, economic policy (public and monetary) is relatively deactivated and the conditions influencing the change in cultural background and its timing are of primary importance.
The "culture" debate in economics and economic history has been long-lasting. This volume incorporates contributions of scholars from economics, management studies and international relations, as well as economic and social historians' attempts to evaluate the role and impact of cultural factors on economic growth.
Why have East Asian immigrants done so well in the United States in the face of adversity and discrimination? Why have the Chinese done so much better outside China than inside? Why have Japan, Taiwan, and Korea grown so rapidly and equitably in the second half of the twentieth century? What explains Spain's transformation into a high-growth democracy after centuries of poverty and authoritarianism? Why has Brazil's economy grown faster in this century than that of any other Latin American country? And what explains the paradox of America's blacks, two-thirds of whom have made it into the middle class mainstream, while the remaining one-third languishes in the poverty of the ghetto? According to Lawrence E. Harrison, the author of this myth-shattering but ultimately hopeful book, culture--values and attitudes--provides the key to unlocking these mysteries. Drawing on three decades of experience in Latin American economic and social development as well as extensive research elsewhere, Harrison shows how it is the cultural values of a people, with respect to work, education, austerity, excellence, family, and community, that largely explain why some succeed while others do not. Harrison argues that it is the erosion of these values that lies behind America's decline, evident, for example, in lagging competitiveness, declining real income for most workers, low savings rates, the persistent and growing budget deficit, and the savings and loan scandal, not to mention growing divisiveness within the society. Understanding how culture can facilitate--or impede--progress is crucial to a renaissance in the United States, just as it is to development in Third World countries mired inauthoritarianism, economic stagnation, and social inequality. Who Prospers? suggests measures to promote cultural change that nurtures progress, both at home and abroad.
The first comprehensive and statistically significant analysis of the predictive powers of each cross-cultural model, based on nation-level variables from a range of large-scale database sources such as the World Values Survey, the Pew Research Center, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the UN Statistics Division, UNDP, the UN Office on Drugs and Crime, TIMSS, OECD PISA. Tables with scores for all culture-level dimensions in all major cross-cultural analyses (involving 20 countries or more) that have been published so far in academic journals or books. The book will be an invaluable resource to masters and PhD students taking advanced courses in cross-cultural research and analysis in Management, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and related programs. It will also be a must-have reference for academics studying cross-cultural dimensions and differences across the social and behavioral sciences.
The theoretical framework of the book spans the three prevailing paradigms of economic development by embedding alternative operationalizations of the concept of culture within an endogenous growth model.
The twentieth century gave rise to profound changes in traditional sex roles. However, the force of this 'rising tide' has varied among rich and poor societies around the globe, as well as among younger and older generations. Rising Tide sets out to understand how modernization has changed cultural attitudes towards gender equality and to analyze the political consequences of this process. The core argument suggests that women and men's lives have been altered in a two-stage modernization process consisting of (i) the shift from agrarian to industrialized societies and (ii) the move from industrial towards post industrial societies. This book is the first to systematically compare attitudes towards gender equality worldwide, comparing almost 70 nations that run the gamut from rich to poor, agrarian to postindustrial. Rising Tide is essential reading for those interested in understanding issues of comparative politics, public opinion, political behavior, political development, and political sociology.
Explains the relationship between national culture and national differences in crucially important phenomena, such as speed of economic growth, murder rates, and educational achievement. This book also explains differences in suicide rates, road death tolls, female inequality, happiness, and a number of other phenomena.