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Excerpts from the works of European authors who visited Sind, now a province of Pakistan, during 18th-19th centuries.
Essay from the year 2024 in the subject History - Asia, , language: English, abstract: This paper delves into the cultural and geological heritage of Sindh, a province in Pakistan with a history that traces back to the Mohenjo-Daro civilization in 2500 BC. Sindh’s rich cultural tapestry is woven from influences of immigrants from northern India, Gujarat, Punjab, Arab countries, and Baluchistan. The province, with an area of 47,569 square miles, is bordered by Bhawalpur in the north, the Arabian Sea in the south, the Hallar range in the east, and a sandy desert in the west. Geologically, Sindh’s landscape has been shaped by significant epochs, with the Indus River playing a pivotal role long before the Himalayas' formation. This study highlights the importance of Sindh in both national and international heritage protection strategies due to its unique historical and natural resources. The enduring silhouette of Sindh, marked by the ancient Indus River, reflects its significance in the timeline of human civilization.
This collection of thirteen articles from the Journal of the Sind Historical Society concentrates on precolonial and colonial Sind. These articles reveal much about Sindh's past and historically showcase the region's broad socio-cultural spectrum. Scholarship frequently overlooks the subjects and people in this collection. In part, this oversight is due to so few libraries (both in Pakistan and around the world) having copies of the Journal of the Sind Historical Society. There are no reprints of these articles in any other book, nor has anyone reprinted them in their entirety since the 1930s and 1940s. The articles in this book not only deepen knowledge about Sindh but also the history of Pakistan and the diversity of its people. They represent, like most research printed in the Journal of the Sind Historical Society, "forgotten" chapters in both Sindhi and Pakistani history. These chapters celebrate Pakistan's socio-cultural diversity and point toward how the histories of region and nation should be intertwined.
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Sindhi nationalism is one of the oldest yet least studied cases of identity politics in Pakistan. Ethnic discontent appeared in Sindh in opposition to the rule of the Bombay presidency; to the onslaught of Punjabi settlers in the wake of canal irrigation; and, most decisively, to the arrival of millions of Muhajirs (Urdu-speaking migrants) after Partition. Under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto and Asif Zardari, the Pakistan People's Party has upheld the Sindhi nationalist cause, even while playing the game of federalist politics. On the other side for half a century have been hardcore Sindhi nationalist groups, led by Marxists, provincial autonomists, landlord pirs and liberal intelligentsia in pursuit of ethnic outbidding. This book narrates the story of the Bhutto dynasty, the Muhajir factor, nationalist ideologues, factional feuds amongst landed elites, and the role of violence as a maker and shaper of Sindhi nationalism. Moreover, it examines the role of the PPP as an ethnic entrepreneur through an analysis of its politics within the electoral arena and beyond. Bringing together extensive fieldwork and comparative studies of ethno-nationalism, both within and outside Pakistan, Asma Faiz uncovers the fascinating world of Sindhi nationalism.
Annexation and the Unhappy Valley: The Historical Anthropology of Sindh’s Colonization addresses the nineteenth century expansion and consolidation of British colonial power in the Sindh region of South Asia. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach and employs a fine-grained, nuanced and situated reading of multiple agents and their actions. It explores how the political and administrative incorporation of territory (i.e., annexation) by East India Company informs the conversion of intra-cultural distinctions into socio-historical conflicts among the colonized and colonizers. The book focuses on colonial direct rule, rather than the more commonly studied indirect rule, of South Asia. It socio-culturally explores how agents, perspectives and intentions vary—both within and across regions—to impact the actions and structures of colonial governance.