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Handbook of Strata-Bound and Stratiform Ore Deposits, Volume 6: Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag Deposits focuses on the characteristics, properties, origins, and structures of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag deposits. The selection first underscores a comparative review of the genesis of the copper-lead sandstone-type deposits; "volcanic" massive sulfide deposits and their host rocks; and tectonic setting of some strata-bound massive sulfide deposits in New South Wales, Australia. Discussions focus on tectonic setting of Cyprus-type and Kuroko-type strata-bound massive sulfide deposits; development of some tectonic units in which strata-bound massive sulfide deposits occur in the Paleozoic sequences of New South Wales; volcanic host rocks; and interim summary of field and laboratory data. The text then ponders on Caledonian massive sulfide deposits in Scandinavia, Precambrian, strata-bound, massive Cu-Zn-Pb sulfide ores of North America, and geology of the Zambian Copperbelt. Concerns cover types of orebodies, structures of the Zambian Copperbelt, geology of representative deposits, general geological features, and lithostratigraphical relations of the ores. The manuscript takes a look at the McArthur zinc-lead-silver deposits, Appalachian zinc-lead deposits, and tri-state ore deposits. The selection is a dependable source of data for researchers wanting to study Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ag deposits.
Based on an international seminar, held Sept. 1986 in Cuzco, Peru, sponsored by Multiciencias (Peru) and Unesco.
Sediment-hosted deposits are the main source of zinc and lead. In this volume, the reader will find the most recent developments in research including: - Fluid migration leading to formation of Zn-Pb ores in sedimentary basins. Relationships to orogenic events and to geothermic anomalies - Transport of metals and precipitation mechanisms. The role played by fluid mixing, fluid-rock reaction, organic matter, and thiosulfates - Paleomagnetic dating of ore deposits - The association of Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits to diapiric salt structures - Geochemical investigations applied to exploration for sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits - Economic aspects. The broad geographical coverage is an additional aspect which will interest both researchers and explorationists.
Mineral deposits have supplied useful or valuable material for human consumption long before they became objects of scientific curiosity or commercial exploitation. In fact, the earliest human interest in rocks was probably because of the easily accessible, useful (e. g. , red pigment in the form of earthy hematite) or valuable (e. g. , native gold and gemstones) materials they contained at places. In modem times, the study of mineral deposits has evolved into an applied science employing detailed field observations, sophisticated laboratory techniques for additional information, and computer modeling to build complex hypotheses. Understanding concepts that would someday help geologists to find new mineral deposits or exploit the known ones more efficiently have always been, and will continue to be, at the core of any course on mineral deposits, but it is a fascinating subject in its own right, even for students who do not intend to be professional economic geologists. I believe that a course on mineral deposits should be designed as a "capstone course" that illustrates a comprehensive application of concepts from many other disciplines in geology (mineralogy, stratigraphy and sedimentation, structure and tectonics, petrology, geochemistry, paleontology, geomorphology, etc. ). This book is intended as a text for such an introductory course in economic geology, primarily for senior undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities. It should also serve as a useful information resource for professional economic geologists.
Much new data and many new ideas have emerged in the area of oregeology and industrial minerals since publication of the secondedition of this text in 1987. The overriding philosophy behind thisnew edition is the inclusion and integration of this new materialwithin the established framework of the text. The third edition isre-presented in the modern double-column format. Non-metallic deposits of industrial and bulk materials are fullycovered to meet the changing emphasis of courses in appliedgeology. In addition, chapter 1 has been considerably enlarged toinclude a section on mineral economics covering metals, industrialminerals and bulk materials. In this section, the various aspectsof economic exploitation of industrial and bulk materials arecompared with those of metallic deposits. Other major revisions andadditions include a section on fluid inclusions, expansion of thesection on wall rock alteration, expansion of the material onisotope studies, and the inclusion of a section on hydraulicfracturing and seismic pumping.
Metals in the earth's crust are very unevenly distributed and, traditionally, a small number of ore deposits, districts or countries have dominated the world supply and have influenced commodity prices. The importance of exceptionally large, or rich, deposits has greatly increased in the age of globalization when a small number of international corporations dominate the metals market, based on few very large ore deposits, practically anywhere in the world. Search for giant orebodies thus drives the exploration industry: not only the in-house teams of large internationals, but also hundreds of junior companies hoping to sell their significant discoveries to the "big boys". Geological characteristics of giant metallic deposits and their setting and the politico-economic constraints of access to and exploitation in prospective areas have been a "hot topic" in the past fifteen years, but the knowledge generated and published has been one-sided, scattered and fragmented. This is the first comprehensive book on the subject that provides body of solid facts rather than rapidly changing theories, written by author of the Empirical Metallogeny book series and founder of the Data Metallogenica visual knowledge system on mineral deposits of the world, who has had an almost 40 years long international academic and industrial experience. The book will provide abundant material for comparative research in metallogeny, practical information for the explorationists as to where to look for the "elephants", and some inspiration for commodity investors.