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The idea of this conference grew out of the rapidly increas ing volume of experimental facts. and theoretical concepts related to the problem of crystal-field effects in metals and alloys. The crystal field plays an important role in the understanding of the energetic level structure of ions in condensed matter. In partic ular, the magnetic properties of rare earth metals and alloys are strongly influenced by the crystal field. In the phenomenological theory the crystal field successfully describes the static and dynamic magnetic properties of these systems. On the other hand the microscopic origin of the crystal field in metals is not yet fully understood. However, recent years have seen some of the areas of crystal-field effects mature to the point that they should be summarized and brought to the active notice of a larger audience. In addition, a number of exciting developments have occured which deserve attention. This book contains 13 invited and 45 contributed papers pres ented at the 2nd international conference on crystal-field effects in metals and alloys held at ZUrich, Switzerland, September 1-4, 1976. Emphasis was placed on the following specific categories of interest: spin waves and excitons, soft modes and critical effects, magnetic properties, physical properties influenced by crystal field effects, actinides and valency. Because the conference was relatively small, about 120 participants, and because the topic was relatively narrow, recent work in the field could be treated thor oughly and the present state of knowledge assessed comprehensively.
The idea of this conference grew out of the rapidly increas ing volume of experimental facts. and theoretical concepts related to the problem of crystal-field effects in metals and alloys. The crystal field plays an important role in the understanding of the energetic level structure of ions in condensed matter. In partic ular, the magnetic properties of rare earth metals and alloys are strongly influenced by the crystal field. In the phenomenological theory the crystal field successfully describes the static and dynamic magnetic properties of these systems. On the other hand the microscopic origin of the crystal field in metals is not yet fully understood. However, recent years have seen some of the areas of crystal-field effects mature to the point that they should be summarized and brought to the active notice of a larger audience. In addition, a number of exciting developments have occured which deserve attention. This book contains 13 invited and 45 contributed papers pres ented at the 2nd international conference on crystal-field effects in metals and alloys held at ZUrich, Switzerland, September 1-4, 1976. Emphasis was placed on the following specific categories of interest: spin waves and excitons, soft modes and critical effects, magnetic properties, physical properties influenced by crystal field effects, actinides and valency. Because the conference was relatively small, about 120 participants, and because the topic was relatively narrow, recent work in the field could be treated thor oughly and the present state of knowledge assessed comprehensively.
Complex metal alloys (CMAs) comprise a huge group of largely unknown alloys and compounds, where many phases are formed with crystal structures based on giant unit cells containing atom clusters, ranging from tens of to more than thousand atoms per unit cell. In these phases, for many phenomena, the physical length scales are substantially smaller than the unit-cell dimension. Hence, these materials offer unique combinations of properties which are mutually exclusive in conventional materials, such as metallic electric conductivity combined with low thermal conductivity, good light absorption with high-temperature stability, high metallic hardness with reduced wetting by liquids, etc.This book is the second of a series of books issued yearly as a deliverable to the European Community of the School established within the European Network of Excellence CMA. Written by reputed experts in the fields of metal physics, surface physics, surface chemistry, metallurgy, and process engineering, this book brings together expertise found inside as well as outside the network to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in CMAs.
Covering fundamental research as well as real-world applications, this first book on CMAs at an introductory level treats everything from atomistic details to surface processing. Comprehensive, self-contained chapters provide readers with the latest knowledge on the most salient features of the topic, selected in terms of their relevance to potential technological applications. Edited by one of the most distinguished authorities on quasicrystals and this most important of their subclasses, the contributions elucidate aspects of CMAs from a particular viewpoint: physical and chemical characteristics in the sub-nanometer regime, mesoscale phenomena, preparation and processing of thin films, and large-scale engineering properties. The whole is rounded off by a look at the commercial potential of CMA-based applications. For PhD students and lecturers alike.