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With all of the news surrounding climate change and the need to reduce emissions, renewable energy is gaining a stronghold and there is a sharp focus on the reporting of energy usage and carbon emissions. As such, it seems that the petroleum industry is heading for a steep decline. The reality is, however, that renewable energy is not cheap nor is it suitable for heavy industry use; two factors which drive a viable economy. As more people take up alternative and renewable types of energy sources, as obtained from the sun or wind, it the price of localised coal and fuel-powered electricity generation will increase, in direct correlation with the decreased use of so-called 'dirty energy'. Yet, Davide Papa contends that there is no other practical form of energy that could match the energy output of crude oil pound per pound. The decline in the trading of crude oil and associated fuels is not upon us in the near or distant future, if ever and the marketplace is ripe for informed intermediaries to source and sell petroleum based products for a long time yet. Davide sets out a basic, uniform standard of practice and explains, in a clear and straightforward language, the rules and laws that must be adhered to when conducting business in the complex export/import arena, thus guiding intermediaries, brokers, agents, buyers and sellers who are attempting to deal in commodities, including petroleum based products, to success. The insight Davide provides has cross-industry relevance and additionally will appeal to a host of professional entities such as intermediaries, lawyers, scientists, engineers, accountants, corporate and home based traders.
Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
Nigerian crude oil is being stolen on an industrial scale. Some proceeds are laundered through world financial centers, polluting markets and financial institutions overseas. This report explores what the international community could do about it.
A joint production by six international organizations, this manual explores the conceptual and theoretical issues that national statistical offices should consider in the daily compilation of export and import price indices. Intended for use by both ...
Approximately two billion dollars a day of petroleum are traded worldwide, which makes petroleum the largest single item in the balance of payments and exchanges between nations. Petroleum represents the larger share in total energy use for most net exporters and net importers. While petroleum taxes are a major source of income for more than 90 countries in the world, poor countries net importers are more vulnerable to price increases than most industrialized economies. This paper has five chapters. Chapter one describes the key features of upstream, midstream, and downstream petroleum operations and how these may impact value creation and policy options. Chapter two draws on ample literature and discusses how changes in the geopolitical and global economic environment and in the host governments' political and economic priorities have affected the rationale for and behavior of National Oil Companies' (NOCs). Rather than providing an in-depth analysis of the philosophical reasons for creating aNOC, this chapter seeks to highlight the special nature of NOCs and how it may affect their existence, objectives, regulation, and behavior. Chapter three proposes a value creation index to measure the contribution of NOCs to social value creation. A conceptual model is also proposed to identify the factors that affect value creation. Chapter four presents the result of an exploratory statistical analysis aimed to determine the relative importance of the drivers of value creation. In addition, the experience of a selected sample of NOCs is analyzed in detail, and lessons of general applicability are derived. Finally, Chapter five summarizes the conclusions.
Over the past decade, four major developments in global economic integration have shaped trade policy and the economic performance of countries within the Middle East and North Africa region: the emergence of global supply chains, the growth of trade in services, the rise of China and India as major international trading powers, and regional integration. These developments, along with the labor and natural resource endowments of particular countries (some are resource-poor but labor-abundant, some resource-rich and labor-abundant, and some resource-rich and labor-importing), have influenced export diversification outcomes across the region. Yet these countries may not be taking full advantage of all of the opportunities the four new trends offer to them. 'Trade Competitiveness of the Middle East and North Africa: Policies for Export Diversification' examines the region's trade policy agendas and their results by focusing on the countries' response to these four key developments in international trade. As the region recovers from the global financial and economic crises, the book identifies reforms that could allow countries to further strengthen global production networks, benefit more from trade in services, better compete in external markets to face the rise of China and India, and reach the full potential of regional integration. If thoroughly implemented, especially by oil exporters, all of these reforms could help boost growth and job creation in the region.
This thoroughly updated edition of the top–selling Building an Import/Export Business is a step–by–step guide that shows entrepreneurs how to start a business and prosper in the growing global market. It helps budding entrepreneurs choose a commodity, target a market, prepare a business plan, and work within the complex system of regulations. This new edition covers the global changes in trade, emerging trends, the importance of niche markets, and working in the electronic age.
Assesses economic, political, and military concerns arising from the United States' dependence on foreign oil.
The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.