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The skin is the human body's largest organ consisting of two layers: epidermis and dermis, and appendages: hair, and sweat glands. The skin not only wraps the body but also protects it from external stimuli and infection, perceives sensations such as pain and itch, and coordinates with various circulating immune cells for immune response/regulation. Recent studies have shown that inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, harbor systemic inflammation/immune abnormalities such as strong Th activation and expansion of specific immune cell subsets. Novel biologics and small molecule inhibitors targeting specific biomarkers and immune signals are much more effective and safer than conventional systemic therapies for these skin diseases.
Epidermal Langerhans Cells focuses on epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and the important role they play in the induction of contact hypersensitivity and graft rejection. This in-depth work discusses how these antigen-presenting cells are modulated by various physicochemical agents (such as UV light) and how they can be infected by the AIDS virus. It also reveals that cytokines mediate their development into potent T cell-stimulatory dendritic cells. This comprehensive review covers important experimental details and methods, and fascinating information on LCs. It also provides an overview of the immune system as it relates to the skin in health and disease. This up-to-date publication is an indispensable resource for all investigative and clinical dermatologists, as well as immunologists interested in antigen-presenting cells.
Advances in itch research have elucidated differences between itch and pain but have also blurred the distinction between them. There is a long debate about how somatic sensations including touch, pain, itch, and temperature sensitivity are encoded by the nervous system. Research suggests that each sensory modality is processed along a fixed, direct-line communication system from the skin to the brain. Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment presents a timely update on all aspects of itch research and the clinical treatment of itch that accompanies many dermatological conditions including psoriasis, neuropathic itch, cutaneous t-cells lymphomas, and systemic diseases such as kidney and liver disease and cancer. Composed of contributions from distinguished researchers around the world, the book explores topics such as: Neuropathic itch Peripheral neuronal mechanism of itch The role of PAR-2 in neuroimmune communication and itch Mrgprs as itch receptors The role of interleukin-31 and oncostatin M in itch and neuroimmune communication Spinal coding of itch and pain Spinal microcircuits and the regulation of itch Examining new findings on cellular and molecular mechanisms, the book is a compendium of the most current research on itch, its prevalence in society, and the problems associated with treatment.
Written by known specialists in the field, this is a comprehensive and timely overview of a central and expanding topic. Simultaneously an introduction and a description of the latest concepts, findings and methods, the handbook provides basic knowledge on technical issues required for those intending to research in the field. It covers the functional role of involved molecules and the cellular mechanisms, and addresses selected examples for their possible application in therapy -- bridging the gap between trafficking mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies. In addition, it includes selection of proven and timesaving methods for studying cell trafficking in vitro and in vivo. The accompanying CD-ROM makes leukocyte migration videos available to a broad audience for the first time.
This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
The book provides a comprehensive detailed summary of current status on skin microbiome research in health and disease as well as key regulatory and legal aspects. In the past decade, interest and technology have greatly advanced to unravel the nature and effect of skin microbiome on our health. Diseases such as atopic dermatitis and acne are at the forefront of this research, but also other conditions such as skin cancer are under investigation. In addition, mapping of the skin microbiome has gone from basic to more detailed with attempts to correlate it to various ages, ethnicities and genders. In parallel to mapping it, a great deal of research is dedicated to understanding its functionality and communication (and hence effect) on human cells. The Skin Microbiome Handbook is a summary of current status of knowledge, research tools and approaches in skin microbiome, in health and disease. It contains the following categories: healthy skin microbiome and oral-skin interaction; skin microbiome observational research; skin microbiome in disequilibrium and disease; skin's innate immunity; testing and study design; regulatory and legal aspects for skin microbiome related products. The 18 chapters of the book are written by carefully selected leaders in the academia and industry exhibiting extensive experience and understanding in the areas of interest.
Skin is our primary interface with the environment, and T cells are crucial for orchestrating host immune responses against pathogenic microorganisms. Dysregulated immune responses, on the other hand, can result in chronic inflammatory skin diseases. The complex regulatory networks include effector T cells, memory T cells, regulatory T cells, immunoregulatory co-signaling molecules and cytokines that control skin immunity, and the mechanisms that regulate skin immune responses in host defense and in immune-mediated cutaneous diseases. The immune-regulatory networks are involved in the common inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, vitiligo, bullous diseases, and cutaneous adverse drug reaction. The goal of this Research Topic is to provide a forum to advance research on the contribution of skin inflammation to the genesis and development of the skin diseases as well as to explore innovative skin-oriented pharmacological interventions, mainly on the immune regulatory networks, in the attempt to achieve a beneficial impact on the skin disease course.
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field which involves the fabrication of tissues by using a porous protein scaffold, cells and bioactive molecules. The aim of tissue engineering is to enhance medical applications and procedures. This volume introduces the reader to the basics of employing pluripotent stem cells in tissue engineering. Successive chapters present knowledge about relevant tissue engineering techniques in different medical and physiological specialties including dentistry, cardiovascular physiology, hepatology, nephrology, dermatology and orthopedics. The text offers a wealth of information that will be of use to all students, bioengineers, materials scientists, chemists, physicians and surgeons concerned with the properties, performance, and the application of tissue engineering scaffolds in clinical settings.
Written and edited by international leaders in the field, this book has, through two best-selling editions, been the place to turn for authoritative answers to your toughest challenges in clinical immunology. Now in full color and one single volume, the 3rd Edition brings you the very latest immunology knowledge - so you can offer your patients the best possible care. The user-friendly book and the fully searchable companion web site give you two ways to find the answers you need quickly...and regular online updates keep you absolutely current. Leading international experts equip you with peerless advice and global best practices to enhance your diagnosis and management of a full range of immunologic problems. A highly clinical focus and an extremely practical organization expedite access to the answers you need in your daily practice. Cutting-edge coverage of the human genome project, immune-modifier drugs, and many other vital updates keeps you at the forefront of your field. A new organization places scientific and clinical material side by side, to simplify your research and highlight the clinical relevance of the topics covered. A multimedia format allows you to find information conveniently, both inside the exceptionally user-friendly book and at the fully searchable companion web site. Regular updates online ensure that you'll always have the latest knowledge at your fingertips. Includes many new and improved illustrations and four color design. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. If the next edition is published less than one year after your purchase, you will be entitled to online access for one year from your date of purchase. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should access to the web site be discontinued.