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Since the mid-1970s, the tropical savanna, known as Cerrado, has been transformed into one of the world's largest grain-growing regions. This book explores how and by what Brazil achieved inclusive and sustainable growth in the Cerrado.
Natural resuorce use planning in an area such as the Cerrado region in the Midwest of Brazil is a challenge. Aby planning framework for annalysing investment opportunities in such a region must emphasize sustainable development. This implies a shift from the traditional single agricultural expansion objective approach, to a multiple objective approach such as that described in this thesis. The main objective of this study was to develop an appropriate planning framework for quantifying the effects of new crop farm development proposals for the Cerrado region, from a multiple objective perspective. Ets practical implementation depends on the following: the generation of specific experimental data on rice, maize, wheat and soybean crops and reliable planning framework, the development of experiences concerning environmental quality and social impact analysis by Brazilian researchers, and training of planning framework users for the enlightenment of policy makers. The study was carried out from the point of view of systems theory, and the chosen research approach integrates a set of different modelling techinques within the developed planning framework. The appliction of a such planning frmework for the Paracatu Planicie area was orientated to the final selection (among nine alternatives) of the most appropriate farming system for adoption. However, by manipulating the models which were integrated into tyhe planning framework, and parameters and data related to prices, crop yields, farm sizes, interest (...).
This book is unique and original, constituting a pioneering study in the use of spatial economics and related analytical approaches to Brazil’s Cerrado agricultural development and the formation of agro-industrial value chains. This methodology is appropriate because Cerrado agriculture has been developed from scratch in a vast, previously barren area (204.7 million ha.) in which a spatial transformation has taken place. Until 40 years ago, this region, with its huge expanse of tropical savanna was believed to be unsuited to agriculture. Now, however, it has been transformed into an immense breadbasket, contributing to the mitigation of global food shortages. It also has contributed to the inland development of Brazil, promoting urbanization with a higher living standard and modern production techniques. This book identifies critical factors that enabled the transformation of the Cerrado. To understand the process of agricultural development and the formation of agro-industrial value chains, spatial economics and related approaches are essential because the process involves spatial interactions such as transportation, supply chains, knowledge spillovers, environmental constraints, migration, and urbanization. The book demonstrates that the initial development of Cerrado agriculture was a genuine spatial transformation with contributions from pioneering producers, agribusinesses, and central and local governments, as well as through international cooperation. It also discusses agriculture and agro-industrial value chains focusing on inclusive and sustainable development, a major concern of the international community particularly in terms of the Sustainable Development Goals.
In this historical book, the author tries to tell the audience how the occupation of the Brazilian Cerrado Biome took place, which began in the 1970s and today places Brazil as the world's largest grain exporter. When President Juscelino Kubitschek built Brasília, he was criticized a lot because he was building a capital in the "middle of nowhere", and it really was true. The soil, in addition to not having any fertility, had no technology to make it productive. Initially, the president's boldness only served to show Brazilians the size of their country. Later, another visionary, also from Minas Gerais of the same lineage, Alysson Paolinelli managed to show that with technology and a lot of effort, these lands could become productive and for this he had the support of BDMG (Development Bank of Minas Gerais) that believed in his vision and took over the implementation of the various programs that served to demonstrate the feasibility of producing in the cerrado. The success of this initiative spread throughout Brazil, where the Cerrado Biome existed. The book also shows that all this growth in our agricultural production took place with only eight hundred, twenty thousand properties out of a total of five million, five hundred thousand that Brazil owns. The book also describes the various failed initiatives to occupy Brazilian soil, including the Amazon biome. Finally, the book shows that the occupation of the cerrado served as a real shield to divert the focus from the dangerous occupation of the Amazon in the same way it was being done. Alysson Paolinelli The recent nominee to the Nobel Peace Prize is also the author of the Foreword of this book
This book comprehensively examines the development of Brazilian agriculture by focusing on the crops which evolved from national products to international commodities on a massive scale. It traces the transformation of Brazil from a country with low-yield levels in 1950 to its current position as a leading world producer. The first section of the book examines the modernization of Brazilian agriculture through a government programme which transformed traditional agriculture through subsidized credit, guaranteed prices, stock purchases, land utilization laws, modern research, new technology and major support for exports. It also explores the changing structures of agricultural production and farm ownership over time, analysing national censuses from 1920 to 2017 to illustrate the increasing efficiency of Brazil’s agricultural workers. The book then discusses the history and evolution of the major Brazilian crops in detail, starting with the newer export crops such as soybeans, maize and cotton, before focusing on the traditional sugar and coffee industries. The final section of the book examines two other major areas of agroindustry: forestry and the evolution of the pastoral industries, as well as the growth of a meat exporting sector. The authors also explore questions of sustainability in the context of today’s climate challenges, and the role of Brazilian agriculture in the world market going forward. This wide-ranging study will be of interest to a range of academics, including those working in agricultural economics, economic history, the history of Latin America and the history of agriculture more broadly.
This study forms part of a greater project, New South–South Development Trends and African Forest, carried out in Gabon, Mozambique and Cameroon. In Mozambique, the project focused on the Brazilian– Japanese–Mozambican trilateral program ProSavana. At the time the study began, there was little information or previous work on the topic. This paper should therefore be treated as a scoping study. During the course of this scoping study, only a few papers based on field research were published, and the initial findings of this study are largely in line with this research. This paper supplements the existing literature by adding depth from field interviews in Nampula and Zambezia as well as an examination of the draft ProSavana reports, which became available in May 2013. This paper finds large misconceptions about what the ProSavana program is and what agrarian models will be implemented under the program. The ProSavana program team’s inadequacy in effectively communicating the program’s mission, methods and content has led civil society to look to PROCEDER for clues as to how ProSavana will play out in Mozambique. However, the findings from field visits, interviews with a range of stakeholders and a review of ProSavana project documents reported in this paper are that ProSavana will not be a replica of PROCEDER and the strategies proposed do align well with Mozambique’s agrarian strategy, known as PEDSA, and by extension the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). ProSavana must therefore be evaluated on its own merit.
Conservation Agriculture is based on soil conservation techniques and the sustainable use of natural resources to increase productivity levels. This case study describes the introduction and promotion of the 'zero tillage' system in a tropical area of Brazil. The publication has been developed as teaching material for agricultural students and practitioners, and it will also be of interest to all those involved in the promotion of conservation agriculture.
This paper proposes that the rapid agricultural expansion of the cerrado regions, which has been limited to grains and livestock, is due to the low price of land in these regions as compared with the other agricultural regions of Brazil and abroad. This low price of land, in its turn, is attributed not only to the greater distance of these regions from the main markets, but, also, to the limitations of natural resources (the extremely harsh drought period, which limits the agricultural activities to grains and livestock) and, above all, to the technological innovations that created an abundance of land of good quality through its "production" from lower-quality lands. In order to show more clearly how this process has taken place, the paper develops a model of land market with "production of land", specially designed for the analysis of the cerrado. The paper proposes also a contrast with the theories of technical progress of Hayami and Ruttan and of Hicks, concluding that they are not adequate to the analysis of the phenomenon. It is also attempted to derive implications for the analyses of production functions and total factors productivity (TFP). Finally, the paper also seeks to explain why the agrarian structure of the cerrado is so concentrated and, in particular, why family farming is lesser important in the cerrado. The paper emphasizes, in this discussion, the low price of land and the peculiar characteristics of the natural resources and the technology, rather than the role of public policies. In its conclusions, the paper derives some implications for the environmental as well as the agrarian reform policies, and criticizes the existing econometric analyses of land prices in Brazil.
Recent increases in international competitiveness by Argentine and Brazilian grain and oilseed producers could foreshadow continued gains on the strength of abundant undeveloped agricultural resources, increasing market orientation, and expanding global trade liberalization. Economic and policy reform coupled with agricultural research developments drove the dramatic growth surge of the 1990s. Infrastructure development, livestock sector dynamics, and macroeconomic stability in each country will determine the speed and intensity of further growth.