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Rural Road Engineering in Developing Countries provides a comprehensive coverage of the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of rural roads in developing countries and emerging nations. It covers a wide range of technical and non-technical problems that may confront road engineers working in the developing world, focusing on rural roads which provide important links from villages and farms to markets and offer the public access to health, education, and other services essential for sustainable development. Most textbooks on road engineering are based on experience in industrialised countries with temperate climates or deal only with specific issues, with many aspects of the design and construction of roads in developing regions stemming from inappropriate research undertaken in Europe and the USA. These approaches are frequently unsuitable and unsustainable for rural road network environments, particularly in low to middle income countries. This book takes on board a more recent research and application focus on rural roads, integrating it for a broad range of readers to access current information on good practice for sustainable road engineering in developing countries. The book particularly suits transportation engineers, development professionals, and graduate students in civil engineering.
Provides an analysis of rural road maintenance in the Asian region.
Identifies and describes proven, cost-effective, "low-tech" solutions for rural transportation-related problems or needs. Through a process of research and interviews with local level transportation professionals throughout the U.S., examples of technology applications which have been locally developed to meet local problems were identified and documented. Includes descriptions of benefits of the technology, the expected implementation process, the potential issues associated with technology, and each technology's role in larger scale, fully integrated rural transportation systems. Charts and tables. Photos.
Benin is a small country in West Africa, bordered by Nigeria to the east, Togo to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Formerly called Dahomey, the country achieved independence from France in 1960. Benin is known for its diverse culture, including the Yoruba, Fon, Adja, and Bariba peoples, as well as its rich history, which includes the powerful Kingdom of Dahomey, which existed from the 17th to the 19th century. The country has a mix of religions, including indigenous African religions, Christianity, and Islam, and its official language is French. Benin's economy is largely based on agriculture, with most of the population engaged in subsistence farming. Key crops include cotton, yams, cassava, and maize. The country also has some mineral resources, although they are not fully exploited. In recent years, Benin has made progress in boosting economic growth and reducing poverty, although it remains one of the poorest countries in the world.