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How did the United States go from being a country that tries to rehabilitate street criminals and prevent white-collar crime to one that harshly punishes common lawbreakers while at the same time encouraging corporate crime through a massive deregulation of business? Why do street criminals get stiff prison sentences, a practice that has led to the disaster of mass incarceration, while white-collar criminals, who arguably harm more people, get slaps on the wrist--if they are prosecuted at all? In Who Are the Criminals?, one of America's leading criminologists provides new answers to these vitally important questions by telling how the politicization of crime in the twentieth century transformed and distorted crime policymaking and led Americans to fear street crime too much and corporate crime too little. John Hagan argues that the recent history of American criminal justice can be divided into two eras--the age of Roosevelt (roughly 1933 to 1973) and the age of Reagan (1974 to 2008). A focus on rehabilitation, corporate regulation, and the social roots of crime in the earlier period was dramatically reversed in the later era. In the age of Reagan, the focus shifted to the harsh treatment of street crimes, especially drug offenses, which disproportionately affected minorities and the poor and resulted in wholesale imprisonment. At the same time, a massive deregulation of business provided new opportunities, incentives, and even rationalizations for white-collar crime--and helped cause the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent recession. The time for moving beyond Reagan-era crime policies is long overdue, Hagan argues. The understanding of crime must be reshaped and we must reconsider the relative harms and punishments of street and corporate crimes.
A good introduction to crime types and criminology to provide students with a grounding to the start of their studies.
In Trusted Criminals, David O. Friedrichs, author of numerous articles in leading criminal justice, criminology, and sociology journals, offers a comprehensive study of the world of white collar crime. Beginning with a thorough explanation of the historical development of the concept of white collar crime, Friedrichs then draws readers deeply into this arena of crime by exploring many aspects of the subject, including alternative theories for explaining white collar crime; the role of media (and other agents) in effecting an image of white collar crime; those parties - from whistleblowers to investigative reporters - who expose such crime; the challenges involved in studying white collar crime; various forms of white collar crime - including corporate and occupational crime, governmental crime, state-corporate crime, finance crime, technocrime, and more; investigating, policing, prosecuting, defending, and adjudicating white collar crime and social policy options for responding to white collar crime.
Criminals and Victims presents an economic analysis of decisions made by criminals and victims of crime before, during, and after a crime or victimization occurs. Its main purpose is to illustrate how the application of analytical tools from economics can help us to understand the causes and consequences of criminal and victim choices, aiding efforts to deter or reduce the consequences of crime. By examining these decisions along a logical timeline over which crimes take place, we can begin to think more clearly about how policy effects change when it is targeted at specific decisions within the body of a crime. This book differs from others by recognizing the timeline of a crime, paying particular attention to victim decisions, and examining each step in the crime cycle at the micro-level. It demonstrates that criminals plan their crimes in systematic, economically logical ways; that deterring the destruction of criminal evidence may deter crime in general; and that white-collar criminals exhibit recidivism patterns not unlike those of street criminals. It further shows that the degree of criminality in a society motivates a variety of self-protection behaviors by potential victims; that not all victim resistance makes matters worse (and some may help); and that victims who report their crimes do not receive high returns for going to the police, helping to explain why some crimes ultimately go unreported.
Borderline Crime examines how law reacted to the challenge of the border in British North America and post-Confederation Canada.Miller also reveals how the law remained confused, amorphous, and often ineffectual at confronting the threat of the border to the rule of law.
A vibrant collection of readings designed to provide a comprehensive—and accessible—introduction to criminology, Crime and Criminals: Contemporary and Classic Readings, Second Edition, brings together selections from diverse and dynamic sources, including sociologists, criminologists, and scholars from other related disciplines. Featuring twenty-four new readings, this incisive text addresses the broad range of subjects typically covered in a criminology course, including society's attempts to control crime and criminal behavior. To help students understand the relevance and real-world applications of criminology, new coeditor J. Mitchell Miller has shaped this edition with new selections that address how criminological research directly influences practical responses to crime. Building on the work of coeditors Frank R. Scarpitti and Amie L. Nielsen, these cutting-edge readings reflect exciting developments in contemporary criminology while also preserving the text's original purpose: to compile a set of readings that represent both the breadth and variety of research on the causes of crime, its control, and related social policy issues. In addition, this engaging text integrates many helpful pedagogical resources, which draw students into the core concepts and fundamental theories of the field: * An introductory chapter begins each section, providing a survey of the major issues in each area and a helpful context for the readings that follow * An introduction precedes each selection, offering an overview of the article and a discussion of its relevance to students * Lively discussion questions follow each reading An essential resource for criminology courses, the new edition Crime and Criminals explores the dynamic, challenging, and ever-changing realities of crime.
In the United States female crime has grown at a faster rate than male crime over the past couple of decades. Despite this, only limited research has been done by criminologists, psychologists and sociologists on this growing problem. This study examines female criminals; who they are, where they come from, what crimes they commit, why they commit criminal and delinquent acts, and how they are incarcerated. Part One discusses the extent and nature of female crime in the United States, and compares it to male crime. Part Two looks at early theories on the topic. Part Three explores the criminality and deviance of women offenders, while Part Four concentrates on the crimes and delinquency of juveniles. The work concludes with a discussion of female offenders in the custody of correctional authorities.
A collection of original essays addressing theories of criminal behavior that is written at a level appropriate for undergraduate students. This book offers section introductions that provide a historical background for each theory, key issues that the theory addresses, and a discussion of any controversies generated by the theory.
How would you treat a murderer? If you’re from Hollywood and he’s notorious, you might turn him into a folk hero. Separate the facts from the many legends and revisions that have blossomed around these killers in this frightening look at the bloody real lives of movie’s infamous antiheroes. You’ll find a blood-curdling assortment of the “criminal elite” in American Murder: Criminals, Crime and the Media, a rogue’s gallery of our most famous killings, killers and other scoundrels (and some that ought to be more famous than they are). A collection of high-profile murderers, gangsters, assassins, psychopaths, such as O.J., Amy Fisher, Robert Blake, Susan Smith, Claus Von Bulow, the Menendez brothers, Jeffrey Dahmer, Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Richard Speck, Al Capone, Pretty Boy Floyd, Bugsy Siegel, Jesse James, John Dillinger, Charles Manson, Albert Fish, T. Cullen Davis, Ronald DeFeo, Jr., Edmund Kemper, Beulah Annan, Bonnie and Clyde, Billy the Kid, Charlie Starkweather, as well as an assortment of lesser known killers with some incredible tales! With numerous photos and illustrations, this tome is richly illustrated, and its helpful bibliography and extensive index add to its usefulness. American Murderexplores the legends as depicted in movies, stories, and songs. You’d not want to meet any of them in person – either the real or Hollywood versions!
Cambodia. Rwanda. Armenia. Nazi Germany. History remembers these places as the sites of unspeakable crimes against humanity, and indisputably, of genocide. Yet, throughout the twentieth century, the world has seen many instances of violence committed by states against certain groups within their borders—from the colonial ethnic cleansing the Germans committed against the Herero tribe in Africa, to the Katyn Forest Massacre, in which the Soviets shot over 20,000 Poles, to anti-communist mass murders in 1960s Indonesia. Are mass crimes against humanity like these still genocide? And how can an understanding of crime and criminals shed new light on how genocide—the “crime of all crimes”—transpires? In The Crime of All Crimes, criminologist Nicole Rafter takes an innovative approach to the study of genocide by comparing eight diverse genocides--large-scale and small; well-known and obscure—through the lens of criminal behavior. Rafter explores different models of genocidal activity, reflecting on the popular use of the Holocaust as a model for genocide and ways in which other genocides conform to different patterns. For instance, Rafter questions the assumption that only ethnic groups are targeted for genocidal “cleansing," and she also urges that actions such as genocidal rape be considered alongside traditional instances of genocidal violence. Further, by examining the causes of genocide on different levels, Rafter is able to construct profiles of typical victims and perpetrators and discuss means of preventing genocide, in addition to delving into the social psychology of genocidal behavior and the ways in which genocides are brought to an end. A sweeping and innovative investigation into the most tragic of events in the modern world, The Crime of All Crimes will fundamentally change how we think about genocide in the present day.