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This paper summarizes a cooperative research program between the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), in Madison, Wisconsin, and Forintek Canada Corp. in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This research program provided detailed creep--rupture and some creep information for composite panel products. Commercially produced plywood, oriented strandboard (OSB), and minimally aligned waferboard were tested to identify nine mills (three for each product) that produced panels with a range of flexural creep performance. The three plywood, three OSB, and three waferboard products (nine products total, one from each mill) were then tested to provide information on their duration of load (DOL) and creep performance. Large panel specimens were subjected to both rampload and constant-load tests under one environmental condition. The constant-load results provided conventional or deterministic DOL factors that compared favorably with National Design Specifications recommended for adjusting lumber design strength properties under dry service conditions. Ramp-load specimen data generally indicated a lower rate of damage accumulation than did data for constant-load specimens. Creep tests at two low constant-load levels were also performed on large specimens under three environmental conditions for a 6-month period. Those results suggested that present deterministic creep factors in panel design practice might be acceptable for plywood under the influence of relatively severe conditions, for OSB in moderate conditions, and for waferboard in dry service environmental conditions.
Structural insulated panels (SIPs) have been recognized as construction materials in the International Residential Code (IRC) since 2009. Although most SIPs are used in wall applications, they can also be used as roof or floor panels that are subjected to long-term transverse loading, for which SIP creep performance may be critical in design. However, limited information on creep performance of SIPs under transverse loading is available. Collaborative pilot studies were undertaken by the USDA Forest Products Laboratory and APA-The Engineered Wood Association to explore the creep behavior of SIPs under bending- and shear-critical configurations. Results from these pilot studies will serve as the basis for more comprehensive future studies. This paper provides detailed test results from these pilot studies.
Timber construction is one of the most prevalent methods of constructing buildings in North America and an increasingly significant method of construction in Europe and the rest of the world. Timber Engineering deals not only with the structural aspects of timber construction, structural components, joints and systems based on solid timber and engineered wood products, but also material behaviour and properties on a wood element level. Produced by internationally renowned experts in the field, this book represents the state of the art in research on the understanding of the material behaviour of solid wood and engineered wood products. There is no comparable compendium currently available on the topic - the subjects represented include the most recent phenomena of timber engineering and the newest development of practice-related research. Grouped into three different sections, 'Basic properties of wood-based structural elements', 'Design aspects on timber structures' and 'Joints and structural assemblies', this book focuses on key issues in the understanding of: timber as a modern engineered construction material with controlled and documented properties the background for design of structural systems based on timber and engineered wood products the background for structural design of joints in structural timber systems Furthermore, this invaluable book contains advanced teaching material for all technical schools and universities involved in timber engineering. It also provides an essential resource for timber engineering students and researchers, as well as practicing structural and civil engineers.
This set of proceedings is based on the International Conference on Advances in Building Technology in Hong Kong on 4-6 December 2002. The two volumes of proceedings contain 9 invited keynote papers, 72 papers delivered by 11 teams , and 133 contributed papers from over 20 countries around the world. The papers cover a wide spectrum of topics across the three technology sub-themes of structures and construction, environment, and information technology. The variety within these categories spans a width of topics, and these proceedings provide readers with a good general overview of recent advances in building research.
Tests of structural use panels under different loading conditions provide basic information for establishing design stresses. This paper reports the effects of loading rate in tension and bending and of duration of load in tension on the properties of four lab-made structural flakeboards, (two of which had aligned flakes). The objective was to determine if these panels-made from larger, engineered flakes-behaved the same as commercial particleboards-made primarily from planer shavings and sawdust-that were evaluated in an earlier study. For specimens loaded to failure at different rates of deformation, strength decreased 12 pct in tension and 8 pct in bending with each tenfold increase in time to maximum load. Modulus of elasticity decreased 4 to 5 pct. For specimens loaded in tension at constant stress levels from 50 to 90 pct of static strength, time to failure increased tenfold with each 8 pct decrease in stress. These results for the lab-made structural flakeboards are essentially the same as those reported earlier for commercial particleboards.