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The first consumer credit bureaus appeared in the 1870s and quickly amassed huge archives of deeply personal information. Today, the three leading credit bureaus are among the most powerful institutions in modern life—yet we know almost nothing about them. Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion are multi-billion-dollar corporations that track our movements, spending behavior, and financial status. This data is used to predict our riskiness as borrowers and to judge our trustworthiness and value in a broad array of contexts, from insurance and marketing to employment and housing. In Creditworthy, the first comprehensive history of this crucial American institution, Josh Lauer explores the evolution of credit reporting from its nineteenth-century origins to the rise of the modern consumer data industry. By revealing the sophistication of early credit reporting networks, Creditworthy highlights the leading role that commercial surveillance has played—ahead of state surveillance systems—in monitoring the economic lives of Americans. Lauer charts how credit reporting grew from an industry that relied on personal knowledge of consumers to one that employs sophisticated algorithms to determine a person's trustworthiness. Ultimately, Lauer argues that by converting individual reputations into brief written reports—and, later, credit ratings and credit scores—credit bureaus did something more profound: they invented the modern concept of financial identity. Creditworthy reminds us that creditworthiness is never just about economic "facts." It is fundamentally concerned with—and determines—our social standing as an honest, reliable, profit-generating person.
When chief financial officers, attorneys and business owners focus on debt collection - both consumer and business debts - their overall concern can be generally summarized in two short sentences: "What can I do legally?" and "Where do I find the answer?" Aspen Publishers' Complete Guide to Credit and Collection Law, 2011 - 2012 Edition is a comprehensive effort to answer these questions. Recent years have produced as many significant changes in the credit and collection industry as Sarbanes-Oxley produced in Wall Street. Legislation emerging from Congress impacts not only on the extension of credit, but also the collection of debts. The new, completely updated 2011 - 2012 Edition contains the following: In-depth analysis of stale, unsigned, bounced, post dated, stop payment, certified and cashiers' checks Suggestions for the preparation of letters and preparing scripts for telephone calls Preventing foreclosures and enhancing mortgage credit Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility and Disclosure Act Bell v. Twombly Proof of Claims in Bankruptcy Red Flag Rule How to improve your credit rating at the Better Business Bureau Decisions from the Supreme Court on imposing arbitration and enforcing a waiver clause Title X of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010 Only Complete Guide to Credit and Collection Law, 2011 - 2012 Edition will help you raise collection rates and reduce costs, while making certain you always remain in compliance. Updated yearly and packed with useful tips and tools, this thorough guide is recognized as the industry's most comprehensive reference manual. Complete Guide to Credit and Collection Law, 2011 - 2012 Edition is immediately applicable in real-world situations, providing: Annual updates to keep you apprised of new laws, judicial decisions & hot topics Clear explanations of the key laws that affect credit and collection Easy-to-read summaries/Plain-English explanations Practical credit-risk guidelines-Practice Tips Appendices containing the actual laws, and case excerpts that you need to make informed business decisions, including: surveys of laws governing commercial collection, Regulation M--consumer leasing, meaningful involvement under FDCPA, and Regulation Z and Revised Article 9 of the UCC; Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009; updated Truth in Lending Act..