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Report on the First European Conference on Creativity and Innovation, `Network in Action', organized by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO Delft, The Netherlands, December 13-16, 1987
Creativity can be viewed as the first stage of the overall innovation process, an important dimension of the entrepreneurship and new venture creation processes, and as such, it is considered to be a cornerstone of organizational competitiveness in this global, knowledge-based economy. Research on creativity has increasingly become multilevel, with most work conducted at the individual or team level of analysis. At the same time, there is a large body of research being conducted at the organizational level of analysis on innovation, and there has been a significant amount of entrepreneurship research at the individual level, with an increasing focus on organizational entrepreneurship. However, these three research streams have developed independently, and there has been very little knowledge transfer between the three areas. Because entrepreneurship is often said to be a process that is required to convert innovation into business ventures that will deliver benefits to stakeholders, it is typically driven by an individual or small group of individuals. Creativity research, innovation research, and entrepreneurship research have the potential to inform each other, enriching our knowledge of each area, particularly with regard to the cognitive processes and behaviors that are most effective. This Handbook includes contributions from the leading scholars in these three research areas, who integrate contemporary research findings on organizational creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship and provide fruitful new research directions."
Marble in Ancient Greece and Rome: Geology, Quarries, Commerce, Artifacts Marble remains the sine qua non raw material of the an cient Greeks and Romans. Beginning in the Bronze Age sculptu re began in marble and throughout classical times the most im portant statues, reliefs, monuments and inscriptions were made of it. Yet, quarry sources changed in time as preferences for different marbles were influenced by local traditions, the pos sibilities of transport, esthetic tastes, and economics. Marble studies and the identification of the provenance of marble can thus reveal much about Greek and Roman history, trade, esthe tics and technology. Persons in many disciplines are studying various aspects of Greek and Roman marble usage. Geologists and geochemists are working on methods to determine the provenance of marble; ar chaeologists are noting changing patterns of import and use in excavation~ and discovering how improving quarrying techniques and prelimihary dressing of the extracted material influenced the final shape of artifacts; ancient historians are now under standing quarry organization and bureaucracies that controlled marble production and trade; art historians are seeing how phy sical characteristics of the stone affected the techniques and style of sculpture; architects and engineers are interested in quarry technologies and usage in building construction. These specialists drawn from many disciplines rarely have an opportu nity to compare notes and see how each can contribute to the research effort of others.
This book reflects on the increasing variety of perspectives in organizational innovation research, paying attention to the antecedents, but also to the outcomes, of innovation. Some chapters analyze the ‘dark side’ of innovation, including the potential negative consequences of innovative behaviors, or of defying the innovation maximization fallacy. Others explicitly consider affective responses after innovation efforts, and assume that positive or negative effects rely on the context in which innovations occur, and on the way in which people manage the process of innovation. Several contributions adopt the dialectic approach by considering the multiple pathways and mechanisms that could lead to innovation at organizations. Most of the chapters include the interaction of actors’ characteristics (from employees or teams) together with situational constraints from the task or the social context, and outline the relevance of processes like team learning; motivation variables like basic need satisfaction; congruence of motives or meaningfulness at work; dynamics of communication networks; and affective variables. This edited collection offers a rich picture of current research and management trends in the field and contributes constructively toward promoting the dialectic perspective on creativity and innovation in the workplace. This book was originally published as a special issue of the European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology.
The conference proceedings contain the following papers: "Hard Organizational Development" (Anthony); "Positive Impact of Humor in the Workplace or TQM (Total Quality Mirth) in Organizations" (Collier); "Introducing the Integrated Programme for the Creative Training of Leaders" (Diaz-Carrera); "Vision of Quality versus the Quality Vision" (Green); "Flying High" (Musselwhite); "COMM=Unity" (Rose); "Seven Levels of Change Model" (Smith); "Creative Community Development" (Chwedorowicz); "Managing Diversity in Communication and Problem Solving with Effective Levels of Abstraction" (Murdock); "Entrepreneurs" (Rosenfeld et al.); "Learnings from Selection" (Tassoul); "Fire This Time" (Barnes); "Creating Breakthroughs in Organizations" (Collier); "Process Explorations with Cyberquest" (Dickey, DiDomizio); "Hypermedia System for Discovery and Innovation Support" (Dickey et al.); "Teaching Creativity by Distance Learning Methods" (Jones); "Change as a Creative Catalyst" (Miguez); "Learning to Create Shared Vision" (Musselwhite, De Ciantis); "'What I Tell Two Times Is True'" (Cimino); "Touchstone" (De Ciantis); "Art and Discipline of Debriefing" (Lunken); "Leadership Development Theory and a Model for Intervention in the Development of Leaders" (Palus, Drath); "Risk-taking and Innovation Performance" (Prather); "Work Environment Differences between High Creativity and Low Creativity Projects" (Amabile et al.); "Discovering the Unseen Leader" (Burkhart, Horth); "Introducing a Creativity Improvement Program for the Federal Express I.S. Organization" (Couger et al.);"Creativity in Project Work" (Ekvall); "MBTI [Myers-Briggs Type Indicator] and KAI [Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory] Bias on Creativity Courses" (Henry); "Inquiry into Cross-cultural Creativity Training" (Isaksen, Dorval); "Dynamic Nature of Creative Problem Solving" (Isaksen et al.); "Profiling Creativity" (Isaksen, Puccio); "New Insights into Different Styles of Creativity" (Jones); "Managing Creative People at Work" (McWhinney); "World of Ideas" (Morgan); "Bridging Theory and Practice" (Murdock et al.); "Critical Thinking" (Novelli, Taylor); "Creating Together" (Possne); "Relationship between the KAI and the MBTI Creativity Index" (Taylor); "Creativity East and West" (Wonder); "Creativity Research at the Delft Institute of Technology" (Buijs, Nauta); "On Becoming a Facilitator" (Buijs, Nauta); "Innovation in the U.S. Military" (Clauson); "Creating an Innovation Course in a Large Corporation" (Jimenez); "Promoting Targeted Innovation in Japan through R&D [Research and Development] Division Liaison between Different Industries" (Kurebayashi); "Developing Creativity in Japanese Companies" (Nakazono); and "Innovative and Creative Change" (Tanner). (KC)
Innovation networks are a major source for acquiring new information and knowledge and thus for supporting innovation processes. Despite the many theoretical and empirical contributions to the explanation of networks, many questions still remain open. For example: How can networks, if they do not emerge by their own, be initiated? How can fragmentation in innovation systems be overcome? And how can networking experience from market economies be transferred to the emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe? By presenting a selection of papers which address innovation networking from theoretical and political viewpoints, the book aims at giving answers to these questions.
This book was created to place side by side the ideas of researchers and practitioners concerned with organizational innovation. Included are 18 papers: (1) "Social Environments That Kill Creativity" (Teresa Amabile); (2) "High Creativity versus Low Creativity: What Makes the Difference?" (Teresa Amabile and Sharon Sensabaugh); (3) "Creativity and Leadership: Causal Convergence and Divergence" (Dean Keith Simonton); (4) "Adaptors and Innovators: Problem-solvers in Organizations" (M. J. Kirton); (5) "Climate for Creativity: What to Measure? What to Say About It?" (Nancy Koester and Robert Burnside); (6) "Innovation through Investment in People: The Consideration of Creative Styles" (Robert Rosenfeld); (7) "Creating Healthy Change" (Perry Buffington); (8) "Facilitating Creative Problem-solving Groups" (Scott Isaksen); (9) "Establishing a Corporate Environment for Stimulating Innovation" (K. Larry Hastie); (10) "Making Organizations Adaptive to Change: Eliminating Bureaucracy at Shenandoah Life" (John Myers); (11) "Structuring for Innovation...And the Bottom Line" (Robert Swiggett); (12) "Leading a Revolution in American Health Care" (Erie Chapman); (13) "Fostering Creativity and Innovation in a New-Product Research Group" (Richard Wright); (14) "Creative Problem Solving" (David Morrison); (15) "Delivering Managed Service" (Ron Zemke); (16) "Growing Up Creative in America" (Elizabeth Larsen); (17) "Visioning: Building Pictures of the Future" (Robert Burnside); and (18) "The Era of Multiple Transformations: Megatrends for Adults" (Michael Marien). (NB)