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he history of chemistry is a story of human endeavor-and as er T ratic as human nature itself. Progress has been made in fits and starts, and it has come from all parts of the globe. Because the scope of this history is considerable (some 100,000 years), it is necessary to impose some order, and we have organized the text around three dis cemible-albeit gross--divisions of time: Part 1 (Chaps. 1-7) covers 100,000 BeE (Before Common Era) to the late 1700s and presents the background of the Chemical Revolution; Part 2 (Chaps. 8-14) covers the late 1700s to World War land presents the Chemical Revolution and its consequences; Part 3 (Chaps. 15-20) covers World War I to 1950 and presents the Quantum Revolution and its consequences and hints at revolutions to come. There have always been two tributaries to the chemical stream: experiment and theory. But systematic experimental methods were not routinely employed until the 1600s-and quantitative theories did not evolve until the 1700s-and it can be argued that modem chernistry as a science did not begin until the Chemical Revolution in the 1700s. xi xii PREFACE We argue however that the first experiments were performed by arti sans and the first theories proposed by philosophers-and that a rev olution can be understood only in terms of what is being revolted against.
An authorized collection of more than two hundred color photos showcases the sculptures, art, stories, and interviews from the annual celebration of artistic expression in Nevada's barren Black Rock Desert
Apes An extraordinary exploration of the fascinating world of aberrant anthropologies - theories of human origin that you won't read about in any textbooks. These are homespun theories, ideas, fantasies and myths of dreamers, mystics, cult leaders, racists, rogues and amateur scientists. 32 pages of photographs and illustrations. 'Kossy's work offers a rare chance to tunnel into the minds of some of the most original thinkers around' - Wired
William Newman and Lawrence Principe reveal the hitherto hidden laboratory experiments of a famous alchemist and argue that many of the principles and practices characteristic of modern chemistry derive from alchemy.
Science popularizer Cathy Cobb takes a unique approach to explaining the concepts of physical chemistry by telling the story of the geniuses and eccentrics who made groundbreaking discoveries in this fascinating field that bridges chemistry, physics, and mathematics. The result is entertaining and illuminating. Her tale is about the colorful varieties of human character as well as the struggles to understand the workings of the material world. Through true stories of rebels, recluses, heroes, and rogues, she helps the reader to discover how one idea built upon another and how an elegant discipline arose out of centuries of difficult trial and error. Starting with the ancient Greeks, Cobb takes the reader on a sweeping tour of history. She shows how an understanding of basic chemical properties gradually arose out of ancient Greeks mathematics, Muslim science, medieval "magick," and the healing arts. Her tour continues through the scientific revolution, the emergence of physical chemistry as an independent discipline, and up to the present. Today, physical chemists contribute to the fields of chemical physiology, chemical oscillations and waves, quantum mechanics, and the curious and promising field of nanotechnology. This absorbing, eloquently written history of science is loaded with intuitive imagery, everyday analogies, and a colorful cast of characters who are guaranteed to entertain as well as edify.
A unique approach to the history of science using do-it-yourself experiments along with brief historical profiles to demonstrate how the ancient alchemists stumbled upon the science of chemistry. Be the alchemist! Explore the legend of alchemy with the science of chemistry. Enjoy over twenty hands-on demonstrations of alchemical reactions. In this exploration of the ancient art of alchemy, three veteran chemists show that the alchemists' quest involved real science and they recount fascinating stories of the sages who performed these strange experiments. Why waste more words on this weird deviation in the evolution of chemistry? As the authors show, the writings of medieval alchemists may seem like the ravings of brain-addled fools, but there is more to the story than that. Recent scholarship has shown that some seemingly nonsensical mysticism is, in fact, decipherable code, and Western European alchemists functioned from a firmer theoretical foundation than previously thought. They had a guiding principle, based on experience: separate and purify materials by fire and reconstitute them into products, including, of course, gold and the universal elixir, the Philosophers' stone. Their efforts were not in vain: by trial, by error, by design, and by persistence, the alchemists discovered acids, alkalis, alcohols, salts, and exquisite, powerful, and vibrant reactions--which can be reproduced using common products, minerals, metals, and salts. So gather your vats and stoke your fires! Get ready to make burning waters, peacocks' tails, Philosophers' stone, and, of course, gold!
This is a new release of the original 1925 edition.
From ancient Greek theory to the explosive discoveries of the 20th century, this authoritative history shows how major chemists, their discoveries, and political, economic, and social developments transformed chemistry into a modern science. 209 illustrations. 14 tables. Bibliographies. Indices. Appendices.
Creations Story began in the mind of God before the universe came into existence. Creations Story has been hidden under a dark cloud of confusion from the days of Moses. It has been assumed that the heaven and the earth had been created on the first day. It has been the customary manner used to determine earth's age was by counting the life span of each person. Adam was created on the sixth day and lived 930 years. Those who followed Adam, their births and deaths, were also recorded. It has been determined under these guide lines that the universe is between six to ten thousand years old. Creations age was not disputed until the seventeenth century when the first telescope came into existence. With the advancement of astronomy, it has been estimated that the universe is 13.4 billion years old. This horrified the Christian church and the secular world condemned the Bible as a book of mythical fixation. Creations story reveals that the Bible does not suggest the age of the universe, nor is Adam's race the first to occupy the earth! Creations Story reveals the past. What became of animal sacrifice? Why are the Jewish people scattered throughout the nations? Will they ever inherit their land in peace? Is there a devil? If so, where had he come from and what will be his end? What became of the dinosaurs? Is the Old Testament and the New Testament two separate books? Who was this man, Jesus? With the influx of many churches and beliefs, who is right? Creations Story clarifies the path of salvation. We have arrived at the Bible's final book. Destruction is at hand. The world's great cities will crumble to the earth. The United States will vanish as if it had never existed. The good news is that God's children will inherit a new world. A land where we will never hunger or thirst, nor will we ever become old!