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With the increase of interest in the rural public schools in all the States has come a desire for more effective rural school administration, to the ends that there may be a more economic use of school funds and that all children may have opportunities, both better and more nearly equal, to gain the preparation for life required by more rural conditions in so far as this preparation may be gained in the schools. It is not generally conceded that the single-school district as the unit of administration should give way to a larger administrative unit, as it has already done in a large majority of the States. The opinion as to whether this larger administrative unit should be the county or some division of the county, as the township or the magisterial district, is not so nearly unanimous, but the trend of opinion is toward the county unit. Many requests have been received for information as to the results obtained in those States which make the county the unit of school administration, and as to the merits of the county unit of administration, as compared with the smaller unit. To assist the Bureau of Education in answering these enquiries, Mr. A. C. Monahan, the bureau's specialist in rural school administration, has prepared this bulletin, which covers the following topics: (1) Units of organization (district, township, and county); (2) Essentials of existing county systems; (3) How the county organization is brought about; (4) Success of the county-unit plan; (5) A comparison of Salt Lake County, consolidated, with Utah County, unconsolidated, State of Utah (school population and attendance, management and supervision, equality in taxation, economy in purchase of all school supplies and equipment, and compensation of school boards); and (6) The county versus the district unit in Tennessee. (Contains 7 tables, 2 maps, and 7 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.].
“Democracy has to be born anew every generation, and education is its midwife,” wrote John Dewey in his classic work The School and Society. In School, Society, and State, Tracy Steffes places that idea at the center of her exploration of the connections between public school reform in the early twentieth century and American political development from 1890 to 1940. American public schooling, Steffes shows, was not merely another reform project of the Progressive Era, but a central one. She addresses why Americans invested in public education and explains how an array of reformers subtly transformed schooling into a tool of social governance to address the consequences of industrialization and urbanization. By extending the reach of schools, broadening their mandate, and expanding their authority over the well-being of children, the state assumed a defining role in the education—and in the lives—of American families. In School, Society, and State, Steffes returns the state to the study of the history of education and brings the schools back into our discussion of state power during a pivotal moment in American political development.