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A systematic interpretation of Durant's remarkable project to transfer supreme legislative authority from the papacy to general councils.
The hierarchy of states presents Ian Clark's Reform and resistance in the international order, a well-established text on international relations first published in 1980, in a completely revised form. Combining a detailed examination of theory with a full account of historical developments, Dr Clark analyses the nature of international order - the hierarchical state system - and its potential for reform. The theory of international order is explored tracing two traditions of thought epitomised in the writings of Kant and Rousseau, whilst in a historical survey Dr Clark covers the main attempts to implement international order since 1815 and includes such aspects as concert diplomacy, alliance systems, international organisations as well as such informal understandings as nuclear deterrence, crisis management and spheres of influence. This revised edition contains two new chapters - one on international/world order issues and the other on 'macro' changes between 1815 and 1990. Dr Clark has updated his discussion on the course of superpower relations and most of the material on the post-1945 period is introduced in this edition for the first time.
"This book analyses the relationship between federalism and European integration, and in this context examines the impact of Europeanization on the three EU member states that are constitutionally federal: Belgium, Germany and Austria. The author chooses two theoretical concepts - hierarchy and interdependence - to characterize certain institutional and structural features of federal states. Her comparative analysis shows that European integration does have an impact on federalism and that it is leading to growing institutional interdependence between the levels of governance in all three states."--Back cover.
This book takes an inductive approach to the question of whether there is a hierarchy in international law, with human rights obligations trumping other duties. It assesses the extent to which such a hierarchy can be said to exist through an analysis of the case law of national courts. Each chapter of the book examines domestic case law on an issue where human rights obligations conflict with another international law requirement, to see whether national courts gave precedence to human rights. If this is shown to be the case, it would lend support to the argument that the international legal order is moving toward a vertical legal system, with human rights at its apex. In resolving conflicts between human rights obligations and other areas of international law, the practice of judicial bodies, both domestic and international, is crucial. Judicial practice indicates that norm conflicts typically manifest themselves in situations where human rights obligations are at odds with other international obligations, such as immunities; extradition and refoulement; trade and investment law; and environmental protection. This book sets out and analyses the relevant case law in all of these areas.
This work argues for the existence of a committee of 300, an elite body which controls every aspect of politics, religion, commerce and industry, answerable to no one except itself. It maintains that the confusion of social and moral values in the free world has been deliberately created.
A journey in Christian theology through biblical, historical, and thematic perspectives, with special attention to the context of today's world.
Meant primarily for students studying international relations, aspirants of civil services, International Relations Today: Concepts And Applications captures the drastic changes in international relations after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in 1991. It also examines the rise of China as a major military and economic power, and the potential of Russia, India and Germany as tomorrow's big powers. It will also be useful for those interested in the discipline.
EURAM's Book of the Year in 2020, Hierarchy takes readers on a journey which traverses how this idea has evolved, is understood in various disciplines, and is applied in practice. Referring a wide range of sources, the book provides an inspirational introduction to understanding what is perhaps the key idea in business and management. As a fundamental organizational principle, hierarchy is everywhere. Perhaps because of its ubiquity, the significance of hierarchy has become under-analyzed in view of the growing strains on society imposed by organizational inequality. This book analyzes the advantages and disadvantages that hierarchy brings as a form of organization, providing an accessible overview of this fundamental idea within both business and society. This concise book provides a useful overview of existing research, for both students and scholars of business.