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Since the commercial breakthrough in the early 1970s, salmon farming in the sea has gone from small-scale to one of Norway's largest export industries. Although salmon and trout farming represents only a few percent of the world's aquaculture production, the Norwegian aquaculture industry is a leader in many areas. Initially, production technology was simple, but with increased experience, knowledge, and continuous innovations in farming technology, nutrition and fish health, productivity in the aquaculture industry increased dramatically. The twenty-year period between the mid-1980s and the mid-2000s was characterised by high productivity growth, which resulted in a substantial reduction in costs, which in turn led to lower salmon and rainbow trout prices. Production grew by almost 20 percent annually between 1980 and 2005.The cost decline reversed around 2005, and between 2005 and 2020 production costs increased by 176 per cent in nominal terms (102 per cent in real NOK). The cost increase has averaged 7 percent per year, several times faster than inflation. The cost increase has continued even after 2020 and is approaching NOK 60/kg gutted weight (HOG) including capital costs.The reasons behind the cost explosion are complex, and are due to higher prices for factor inputs, increased capital intensity, a depreciation of the krone, stricter regulations, increased profitability, as well as disease, lice and lice treatments. The purpose of this report is to investigate the effect of biological problems on cost trends. The results show that "biological" costs are one of the most important drivers behind the cost development.
First published in 1990, The Economics of Salmon Aquaculture was the first book to systematically analyse the salmon aquaculture industry, from both a market and production perspective. Since publication of the first edition of this book, the salmon aquaculture industry has grown at a phenomenal rate, with salmon now being consumed in more than 100 countries worldwide. This second edition of a very popular and successful book brings the reader right up to date with all the major current issues pertaining to salmon aquaculture. Commencing with an overview of the production process in aquaculture, the following chapters provide in-depth coverage of the sources of the world’s supply of salmon, the growth in productivity, technological changes, environmental issues, markets, market structure and competitiveness, lessons that can be learnt from the culture of other species, optimal harvesting techniques, production planning, and investment in salmon farms. Written by Frank Ashe and Trond Bjørndal, two of the world's leading experts in the economics of aquaculture, this second edition of The Economics of Salmon Aquaculture provides the salmon aquaculture industry with an essential reference work, including a wealth of commercially important information. This book is also a valuable resource for upper level students and professionals in aquaculture and economics, and libraries in all universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important book on their shelves.
The conference was developed in five sessions. In the first session, "Aquaculture Growing Strength", an overview on production and trade was followed by five commodity presentations showing the success in shrimp, salmon, tilapia, catfish and bivalve aquaculture. The second session on "Challenges" highlighted the current and future challenges facing the sector. These included challenges related to assuring food safety in aquaculture products, maintaining and improving consumers' perceptions of the quality and environmental acceptability of aquaculture, improving aquatic animal health management, addressing issues related to feed quality and availability, and improving the view investors take to assure economic and financial sustainability. During the third session, the "Advantages and Opportunities" of aquaculture were covered by taking into account the globalization process and the requirements of processors and the food service and retail sectors, which all seem to have a preference for aquaculture products under special conditions. Seafood and health benefits, and the potential offered new species were seen as driving factors in the aquaculture sector. The opportunities and challenges for the small-scale fish farmers in Southeast Asia were also considered. The fourth session was fully dedicated to the aquaculture sector in China, with presentations on the domestic market, the export potential, safety and quality inspection and China's role in reprocessing seafood for re-export to the global market. In the last session on "Progress - The Future", the future developments expected for aquaculture were covered. Here the interaction between capture fisheries and aquaculture was analyzed and also presented in a case study on wild and aquacultured salmon. Aquaculture was viewed within the context of other intensive animal production systems. The enormous potential of the technical innovations in aquaculture compared to capture fisheries was highlighted under the term of "Blue revolution". The last session was closed with a description of the political framework required to allow for the sustainable development of aquaculture.
The rapid growth in seafood trade in the past three decades has created a truly global market for fish. Written by one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, this book is the first to explore the structure, function and trends of this international market. It is invaluable for seafood traders, government officials and researchers, and has become the standard reference on the desks of all participants in and observers of the international fish and seafood trade. The first comprehensive updateable treatment of the world wide meat market place Written by one of the world's leading authorities on the seafood industry and its economics Features additional contributions from a range of specialist researchers and practitioners