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This synthesis will be of interest to construction and materials engineers, paving contractors, equipment manufacturers, and others who are involved in assessing the performance of asphalt pavements. Information is presented on various issues related to compaction of asphalt pavements. Compaction is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of asphalt pavements. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the theory, methods, equipment, and specifications related to the compaction of asphalt pavements. A brief history of, the importance of, and factors affecting compaction are also discussed. Construction influences, density measurements, and trends are also considered.
A procedure for determining the test maximum density of asphalt concrete in a field laboratory was developed and then tried on several paving projects. This test maximum density is required to determine the in-situ relative compaction of asphalt concrete per California Test 375. The procedure involves the use of a hydraulic jack to apply a 133,500 N static load for compaction in lieu of using a kneading compactor. Although the test maximum densities achieved by this static loading are normally lower than the values determined using a kneading compactor, a correlation factor can be determined and applied. In most cases, the test results can be available within two hours of obtaining a sample of the material.
This study pertains to 163 miles of 4 to 8-lane asphalt concrete (AC) pavement that developed a considerable amount of premature distress. Because the pavement on this route is considered to be representative of other routes in Districts 8, 9, and 11, this investigation to try and determine the reasons for the premature distress was conducted. The history, performance, and climatological data for Route 15 from Cajon Pass to the Nevada state line were studied. A considerable amount of coring and testing was done to determine several physical properties of the top 3 in. of the AC. Pavement deflection and traffic data were also obtained for this investigation.