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This book offers an exciting overview of how the investor-state dispute settlement mechanism currently deals with allegations and/or evidence of fraud and corruption. It provides a detailed analysis of the legal framework under which arbitral tribunals usually operate in investment disputes involving allegations of illegality. Readers will find step-by-step examinations of the corruption and fraud arguments employed by arbitral tribunals in ten landmark ISDS cases, followed by a chapter summarizing the status quo on the topic. The final part of the book discusses the identified challenges of addressing illegality issues in investment arbitration and potential solutions, including the creation of a multilateral investment court.
Corruption is one of the main obstacles to sustainable development and has a significant negative impact on a country’s productivity. In this book, which reproduces the transcribed presentations and lively discussions at the 2019 Annual Conference of the Swiss Arbitration Association (ASA), four panels including internationally known arbitration practitioners, criminal lawyers and accountants exchange views on the causes, costs, and impacts of corruption not only on society but also on the arbitral process and the arbitral profession. Among the many facets of corruption, the contributors address the following: legal framework of corruption and applicable law; cost of corruption from an economic perspective; jurisdiction and the arbitrability of issues of corruption; aspects of corruption that are specific to arbitration in specific business sectors; cases involving corrupt arbitrators, experts, and witnesses; establishing correctness or incorrectness of suspicion of corruption; bringing issues of corruption before the parties; and judicial scrutiny of corruption-tainted arbitral awards at the setting aside and enforcement stage. The authors, all of them prominent in representing the full range of business sectors active in international arbitration, provide matchless practical guidance in dealing with challenges associated with corruption in arbitration. Among much else, they deal with ‘red flags’ likely to indicate suspicious relationships, effective strategies to employ when confronted with a corruption-tainted contract and reporting suspicion of corruption and the related risk of personal liability. All of this invaluable material will be greatly appreciated by practising arbitrators, corporate counsel, arbitration institutions, and concerned academics.
This paper will give a general background and overview of the subject matter of 'Corruption' in investor-state arbitration, including a critical examination of the standard and burden of proof in allegations of corruption and fraud in the underlying investment. Essentially, the main emphasis and arguments of this paper will focus on a very important and widely occurring but rarely discussed aspect of corruption in investor-state claim - which is the need for the tribunals to adopt a balanced approach in addressing the issue of corruption as it relates to both the investor and the host state. This is because a vast majority of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) cases reveal that many tribunals tend to adopt a lope-sided approach whereby an investor bears the brunt by losing the protection afforded under a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) whenever a host-state relies on corruption as a 'defense' to a claim, thereby undermining the involvement of the host state which is equally complicit in the alleged corrupt act(s). Many tribunals appear to ignore this glaring reality and even very little commentaries have been written on it in academic literatures. This paper further argues that both the investor and the host-state should be made to face the investment arbitration-specific consequences and neither party should be exculpated. Finally, this paper will also argue that there are a number of practicable ways through which a tribunal can castigate a host-state on allegations of corruption on its part or that of its official(s).
Over the past few decades, arbitration has become the number one mechanism to settle international investment and commercial disputes. As a parallel development, the international legal framework to combat economic crime became much stronger within the fields of foreign public bribery, private bribery, fraud and money laundering. With frequent allegations of criminal conduct arising in international arbitration proceedings, it is crucially important to consider how such claims can be proven. This book analyses relevant case law involving alleged criminal conduct within international arbitration and addresses the most pressing issues regarding applicable criminal law and evidence. It is an essential resource for practising lawyers and academics active in the field of international investment and commercial arbitration.
In Addressing Corruption Allegations in International Arbitration, Brody K. Greenwald and Jennifer A. Ivers draw upon their experience in international arbitrations involving allegations of corruption to provide a comprehensive overview of the key issues that arise in these high-stakes cases.
In this article, the authors will provide a broad overview of the issue of corruption in investor-state arbitration, including such issues as burden and standard of proof (arguing, e.g., that it should be different for corruption and fraud). The main sections of the article will cover a special aspect of corruption in investor-state arbitration, which might have become widespread, but remains rarely discussed in academic literature, let alone treated by arbitral tribunals - namely that it takes «two to tango» in instances of corruption. The authors argue that instead of the approach adopted by many Tribunals of shifting the consequences of an act of corruption to one party only (i.e. the investor being then deprived of its protection under the BIT), in reality neither the investor, nor the Respondent State can be exonerated, but have to share the blame for an act of corruption, and therefore face investment arbitration-specific consequences. Finally, the authors look at specific ways in which States may be (and have been) penalized for such conduct in the limited number of investment arbitration cases reported to date.
The Impact of Corruption on "Gateway Issues" of Arbitrability, Jurisdiction, Admissibility and Procedural Issues /Yas Banaiftemi --On Corruption's Peremptory Treatment in International Arbitration /Aloysius P. Llamzon --Corruption Issues in the Jurisdictional Phase of Investment Arbitrations /Hiroyuki Tezuka --Standards of Proof for Allegations of Corruption in International Arbitration /Vladimir Kvhalei --Proving Corruption in International Arbitration /Andrea J. Menaker and Brody K. Greenwald --Corruption and Arbitration /Sébastien Besson --Addressing Allegations and Findings of Corruption /Nassib G. Ziadé --Corruption in Arbitration /Thomas K. Sprange QC --Arbitrators' Investigative and Reporting Rights and Duties on Corruption /Edoardo Marcenaro --The Common Law Consequences and Effects of Allegations or a Positive Finding of Corruption /Matthew Gearing QC and Roanna Kwong --The Effects of a Positive Finding of Corruption /Juan Fernández-Armesto --Raising Corruption as a Defence in Investment Arbitration /Sophie Nappert --Consequences and Effects of Allegations or of a Positive Finding of Corruption /Carita Wallgren-Lindholm --Concluding Remarks: Corruption and International Arbitration /Richard Kreindler.
"This collection of papers results from the proceedings of the 2002 Annual General Meeting of the ICC Institute of World Business Law."--Introduction.
Descreve como a corrupção é julgada na arbitragem comercial internacional. Procura explicar porque não há uma uniformidade na política arbitral em relação à corrupção. Analisa casos relativos à corrupção e arbitragem. Examina a legislação sobre corrupção, assim como convenções internacionais relevantes.