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Many high-energy collider experiments (including the current Large Hadron Collider at CERN) involve the collision of hadrons. Hadrons are composite particles consisting of partons (quarks and gluons), and this means that in any hadron-hadron collision there will typically be multiple collisions of the constituents — i.e. multiple parton interactions (MPI). Understanding the nature of the MPI is important in terms of searching for new physics in the products of the scatters, and also in its own right to gain a greater understanding of hadron structure. This book aims at providing a pedagogical introduction and a comprehensive review of different research lines linked by an involvement of MPI phenomena. It is written by pioneers as well as young leading scientists, and reviews both experimental findings and theoretical developments, discussing also the remaining open issues.
This book contains a wide spectrum of articles which report the current research progress in topics concerning the dynamics of multiparticle production in high energy collision processes, with emphasis on nonperturbative aspects of QCD. The topics covered are: the phase diagram of QCD and related transitions; correlations and fluctuations in a variety of experiments involving multiparticle production (e+eOCo annihilation, pp collisions and heavy ion collisions); recent theoretical and experimental developments in interferometry and particle correlations; event-by-event fluctuations in high energy experiments; concepts of chaos and complexity in multiparticle dynamics and related phenomenology; relevant theoretical ideas based on QCD as a field theory."
It has been suggested that local parity violation (LPV) in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) would lead to charge separation of quarks by the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) in heavy ion collisions. Charge Multiplicity Asymmetry Correlation Study Searching for Local Parity Violation at RHIC for STAR Collaboration presents the detailed study of charge separation with respect to the event plane. Results on charge multiplicity asymmetry in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at 200 GeV by the STAR experiment are reported. It was found that the correlation results could not be explained by CME alone. Additionally, the charge separation signal as a function of the measured azimuthal angle range as well as the event-by-event anisotropy parameter are studied. These results indicate that the charge separation effect appears to be in-plane rather than out-of-plane. It is discovered that the charge separation effect is proportional to the event-by-event azimuthal anisotropy and consistent with zero in events with zero azimuthal anisotropy. These studies suggest that the charge separation effect, within the statistical error, may be a net effect of event anisotropy and correlated particle production. A potential upper limit on the CME is also presented through this data.
This volume presents the experimental and theoretical methods of studying soft interaction physics in high energy collisions. The topics include: dynamical and Bose-Einstein correlations, multiplicity fluctuation, soft photons, disoriented chiral condensate, self-similarity and self-affine behaviors, wavelet analysis, intermittency, chaos, and phase transition.
This book contains a wide spectrum of articles which report the current research progress in topics concerning the dynamics of multiparticle production in high energy collision processes, with emphasis on nonperturbative aspects of QCD. The topics covered are: the phase diagram of QCD and related transitions; correlations and fluctuations in a variety of experiments involving multiparticle production (e+e- annihilation, pp collisions and heavy ion collisions); recent theoretical and experimental developments in interferometry and particle correlations; event-by-event fluctuations in high energy experiments; concepts of chaos and complexity in multiparticle dynamics and related phenomenology; relevant theoretical ideas based on QCD as a field theory.
The main theme of this workshop, the fourth meeting in the LESIP series, is correlations and Fluctuations in strong interaction processes. While the emphasis was on Bose-Einstein correlations between identical particles, other kinds of correlations (between non-identical particles, multiplicity distributions, transverse energy distributions, inelasticity distributions etc.) were addressed. The recent developments in fractal dynamics, intermittency, deterministic chaos and information entropy and their roles in high energy physics also was addressed. Finally, transverse energy distributions and inelasticity distributions, insofar as they impart information about thermalization of the energy available for hadronization, was discussed. These issues are of relevance for the current searches for Quark-Gluon-Plasma. The goal of the workshop is to provide a forum for the presentation of new experimental results.
The authors have used a nine-parameter expanding source model that includes special relativity, quantum statistics, resonance decays, and freeze-out on a realistic hypersurface in spacetime to analyze in detail invariant [pi][sup +], K[sup +], and K[sup [minus]] one-particle multiplicity distributions and [pi][sup +] and [pi][sup [minus]] two-particle correlations in nearly central collisions of Pb + Pb at p[sub lab]/A = 158 GeV/c. These studies confirm an earlier conclusion for nearly central collisions of Si + Au at p[sub lab]/A = 14.6 GeV/c that the freeze-out temperature is less than 100 meV and that both the longitudinal and transverse collective velocities -- which are anti-correlated with the temperature -- are substantial. The authors also reconciled their current results with those of previous analyses that yielded a much higher freeze-out temperature of approximately 140 meV for both Pb + Pb collisions at p[sub lab]/A = 158 GeV/c and other reactions. One type of analysis was based upon the use of a heuristic equation that neglects relativity to extrapolate slope parameters to zero particle mass. Another type of analysis utilized a thermal model in which there was an accumulation of effects from several approximations. The future should witness the arrival of much new data on invariant one-particle multiplicity distributions and two-particle correlations as functions of bombarding energy and/or size of the colliding nuclei. The proper analysis of these data in terms of a realistic model could yield accurate values for the density, temperature, collective velocity, size, and other properties of the expanding matter as it freezes out into a collection of noninteracting hadrons. A sharp discontinuity in the value of one or more of these properties could conceivably be the long-awaited signal for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma or other new physics.