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This book provides the fundamental statistical theory of atomic transport in crystalline solids, that is the means by which processes occurring at the atomic level are related to macroscopic transport coefficients and other observable quantities. The cornerstones of the authors' treatment are (i) the physical concepts of lattice defects, (ii) the phenomenological description provided by non-equilibrium thermodynamics and (iii) the various methods of statistical mechanics used to link these (kinetic theory, random-walk theory, linear response theory etc.). The book is primarily concerned with transport in the body of crystal lattices and not with transport on surfaces, within grain boundaries or along dislocations, although much of the theory here presented can be applied to these low-dimensional structures when they are atomically well ordered and regular.
It has been proposed that the diffusion of cadmium in lead, which is inconsistent with the vacancy mechanism of solute diffusion, occurs by means of an interstitial migration which is strongly correlated due to an attraction between interstitial cadmium ions and vacancies. It is plausible that cadmium, like the noble metal solutes, should dissolve in lead by the dissociative mechanism, but interact strongly with vacancies by a screened electrostatic interaction. A thermodynamic model of a dilute dissociative solid solution is developed, and expressions for the equilibrium fractions of substitutional, interstitial and interstitial solute - vacancy close pair solute states are derived. Following the method of Lidiard, the solute diffusivity and linear enhancement of self-diffusion in this dissociative fcc alloy are calculated. It is also shown that the solute correlation factor, and therefore the isotope effect for solute diffusion, must be very small for this mechanism of diffusion. (Author).
In this book basic and some more advanced thermodynamics and phase as well as stability diagrams relevant for diffusion studies are introduced. Following, Fick’s laws of diffusion, atomic mechanisms, interdiffusion, intrinsic diffusion, tracer diffusion and the Kirkendall effect are discussed. Short circuit diffusion is explained in detail with an emphasis on grain boundary diffusion. Recent advances in the area of interdiffusion will be introduced. Interdiffusion in multi-component systems is also explained. Many practical examples will be given, such that researches working in this area can learn the practical evaluation of various diffusion parameters from experimental results. Large number of illustrations and experimental results are used to explain the subject. This book will be appealing for students, academicians, engineers and researchers in academic institutions, industry research and development laboratories.
This volume is the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, "Diffusion in Materials", held at "Centre Paul Langevin", Aussois, during March 12-25, 1989. There were 105 participants of whom 24 were lecturers and members of the international advisory committee. In addition to the participants from NATO countries, a small number of participants came from Australia, Hungary, Poland and Tunisia. The principal aim of the organizing committee was to bring together scientists of wide interest and expertise in the field of diffusion and to familiarize the young workers in material science with the wide range of theoretical models and methods and of experimental techniques . The Institute was concerned with the study of diffusion and related phenomena in solids which are at the cutting edge of novel technologies. The discussion of basic theories of defects in solids and their transport, with their applications in the understanding of diffusion processes in "simple solids" was followed by the wide range of current theoretical models and methods, experimental techniques and their potential. The lectures on the diffusion in specific materials included : metals, dilute and concentrated alloys, simple and compound semiconductors, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric oxides, high-Tc compounds, carbides, nitrides, silicates, conducting polymers and thin films, ionic, superionic, amorphous and irradiated materials.
This book offers detailed descriptions of the methods available to predict the occurrence of diffusion in alloys subjected to various processes. Major topic areas covered include diffusion equations, atomic theory of diffusion, diffusion in dilute alloys, diffusion in a concentration gradient, diffusion in non-metals, high diffusivity paths, and thermo- and electro-transport.
This second edition is an updated and revised version of the original text. It offers detailed descriptions of the methods available to predict the occurrence of diffusion in alloys subjected to various processes. Major topic areas covered include diffusion equations, atomic theory of diffusion, diffusion in dilute alloys, diffusion in a concentration gradient, diffusion in non-metals, high diffusivity paths, and thermo- and electro-transport. This is an excellent textbook for use in metallurgical and materials science and engineering education.
Diffusion in Solids: Recent Developments provides an overview of diffusion in crystalline solids. This book discusses the various aspects of the theory of diffusion. Organized into nine chapters, this volume starts with a discussion on the process of diffusion in solids. This book then examines the tools that supplement the conventional diffusion measurements, including electromigration, ionic conductivity, isotope effects, and vacancy wind effects. This text explores the molecular dynamic calculation by which the interatomic forces must be assumed. Other chapters discuss the method of measurement of the isotope effect on diffusion, which is the most powerful method of determining relevant information about the correlation factor. This volume extensively discusses diffusion in organic and amorphous materials, as well as interstitial diffusion in solids. The final chapter deals with ionic motion and diffusion in various groups of materials called fast ionic conductors. Solid-state physicists, materials scientists, physical chemists, and electrochemists will find this book extremely useful.
This book offers a modern treatment of diffusion in solids, covering such core topics as the transport of mass through the lattice of a crystalline solid. Part I of the book develops basic concepts in diffusion field theory and illustrates them with several applications, while Part II focuses on key solid-state principles needed to apply diffusion theory to real materials.