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The human microbiome is home to diverse bacteria that are critical in maintaining normal function and human health. It is primarily shaped by environmental factors, such as stress, diet, and geographical location. An unbalanced microbiome due to disease or prolonged antibiotic use can have significant, long-term health impacts. There is a need for a therapeutic intervention that can meaningfully re-engineer the microbiome in response to imbalances. In this work, the fabrication and efficacy of peptide-carbohydrate capsules will be discussed. These biocapsules are loaded with commensal bacteria and have an antimicrobial coating which show promise in being able to inhibit local pathogenic growth while precisely releasing commensal bacteria in the GI tract. This biomaterial has the potential to become a powerful tool in supporting the diverse human microbiome and sets the groundwork for future development of this biome-engineering tool which can successfully create an ecological niche for delivered commensal bacteria to integrate into the microbiome.
As the world struggles to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and curb greenhouse gas emissions, industrial biotechnology is also ‘going green.’ Escherichia coli has long been used as a model Gram-negative bacterium, not only for fundamental research, but also for industrial applications. Recently, however, cyanobacteria have emerged as candidate chassis for the production of commodity fuels and chemicals, utilizing CO2 and sunlight as the main nutrient requirements. In addition to their potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and lowering production costs, cyanobacteria have naturally efficient pathways for the production metabolites such as carotenoids, which are of importance in the nutraceutical industry. The unique metabolic and regulatory pathways present in cyanobacteria present new challenges for metabolic engineers and synthetic biologists. Moreover, their requirement for light and the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of the diurnal cycle further complicate the development and application of cyanobacteria for industrial applications. Consequently, significant advancements in cyanobacterial engineering and strain development are necessary for the development of a ‘green E. coli’. This Research Topic will focus on cyanobacteria as organisms of emerging industrial relevance, including research focused on the development of genetic tools for cyanobacteria, the investigation of new cyanobacterial strains, the construction of novel cyanobacterial strains via genetic engineering, the application of ‘omics’ tools to advance the understanding of engineered cyanobacteria, and the development of computational models for cyanobacterial strain development.
"A subject collection from Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine."